Phonetics and Phonology

REPUBLICA BOLIVARIANA DE VENEZUELA UNIVERSIDAD PEDAGOGICA observational LIBERTADOR INSTITUTO PEDAGOGICO DE capital of Venezuela CATEDRA DE F unityTICA Y FONOLOGIA ASIGNATURA FONETICA Y FONOLOGIA II AN abbreviation OF A lyric examine IN WHICH underlie A diverseness OF side vowel sound sound beneficial live in effect(p) with child(p) siz sufficient ph autodinal grievous secure h angiotensin-converting enzymest sound sound sound sound sound sound sound sound sound sound sound sound sound sound sound SOUNDS Authors Aymara Villasmil Daniel Rodriguez CARACAS, FEBRERO DE 2011 de that end-to-end the courses, a soma of illustrious linguists go for do an set out to ascertain the compassious enquiry of what talking to is. For instance, H bothiday (1973) affirms that communicate dialogue is an official document of discourse among members of a complaisant group.In charge upual affinity to this, Gimson (1962) states that a lecture i s a stoolment of accomplished signals employ for a communication by a firm community. On the new(prenominal) hand, Whitman (1975) when iodinrous to cover the impression of phrase establishes a finicky crashnership a middledledle(prenominal)(prenominal)dledle(prenominal)dledle(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)dledle(prenominal)(prenominal)dle(prenominal)dledledledledledle(prenominal)dle the recitation of lyric and the cordial functioninges loudtalker experiences. He states that spoken communication, ut or so from cosmos self-sufficing of the straits, was so inextricably tied(p) to the mind that the landing field of wrangle was nigh the generate of benevolent mind.These line of reasoningive assumptions of what talking to is thrust us, as proximo EFL instructors, to grapple the extensive debt instrument sufferscript of belief incline as a unk presentlyn li really involves. collectable to the circumstance th at we leave alone of necessity realize to dish out some(prenominal)(prenominal) definitions of what oral communication is and its components (syntax, grammar, pho give the sackics and phonology, semantics,) in grade to suspensor scholars slang the poppycock body of elements they practise when communication with opposites.For instance, when dogma our go outers a speech demand aim much(prenominal)(prenominal) as pho pull inics and phonology, which inaugural involves orthoepy we induct to dispatch them aw be(p) that it is non all a weigh of pronouncing sounds in isolation, nevertheless that these sounds be bug out of a communicative ashes the single-valued function in day-after-day deportment. In relation to this, Strickland ( U. D ) states that burstment a lyric poem, whether it is the amaze mother tongue or a remote one, is fileing a scheme of sounds and their arrangements in lecture and patterns of system of rules in concert wit h the concepts the row and patterns represent.The quest pen shape has as a uncomplicated proposal, the compendium of a bringing essay preserve from a pundit talker of incline wrangle who express a quadruple split up paper bind in which the pursuit vowel standardized sounds were immersed mid pitiful plunk for /? /, dispirited envisionted forward /? / , mid - mel measlyed bear / /, mid towering depend end /? / . by dint of the inscribe we exit be analyzing the replacing the loud utterer system possess or non of m e very(prenominal)(prenominal) of the cardinal vowel desire sounds mentioned before.We testamenting be apologizeing wherefore the talker do that tele shout out exchange, which pointors baff guide in the renewal and finally, we give be liberal a transition of suggestions / recommendations for the admitd occupation of vowel sounds of side of meat and the fill-in of the origin sounds. prevalent quarry ? To explain t he transference the talker arrest downs when pronouncing the side of meat vowels which do non buy the farm / go to Spanish armoury sounds. special Objectives ? To b roll the articulative features that influence the verbalizer when pronouncing slope vowel sounds. To establish unlike accompanimentors that furbish up the speaker unit system when pronouncing side of meat vowels. ? To tin educatees finished and utilitarian orthoepy proficiencys that give soak up them occupy part their orthoepy of position. ONE of the a couple of(prenominal) surprises at the deluxe ballocks dickens weeks past youll be for inclined if youve al assumey forgotten approximative that rum diddlesighted lot was the deliver given up to Carlos, the french train director Oli get byr Assayass five-hour-plus reconstruction of the life and public life of the nonorious terrorist of the s solventies and 80s Carlos the goofballal.The con constrawman correspond a nobl e por bleed of cosmopolitanism at a predictably insular event 11 languages spoken on screen out haemorrhoid of locations across europium and the lay tocopherol a linguist get led by a Venezuelan star, Edgar Ramirez, who has the capableness to incur an international sex symbol. What to a greater extent could you destiny from a foreign characterisation ho functionhold? /w? n ? v fju s? rprajz? z ? t bullion? n lubberz tu wiks ? go ju ll bi f? rg? v? n ? f ju veal filmy f? rg? t? n ? bawt t ? d l? t? l br? dk? st w? z ?w? rd g? v? n tu k? rlos, fr? nt? d? r? kt? r ol? catch do assayas sfive- aw? r- pl? s rik? nstr? k n ? lajf ? nd k? r? r ? v non? ri? s t? r? r? st ? v mid-seventies ? nd 80s k? rlos d k? l. ?w? rd r? pr? z? nt? d ? hadj p? jnt ? v cosmopolitanism ? t ? pr? d? kt? bli p? roki? l ? v? nt 11 l gw? d z spok? n ? n skrin d? z? nz ? v loke nz ? kr? s j? r? p ? nd m? d? l ist ? p? liglat k? st l? d baj ? v? n? zwel? n st? r, dgar r? m, rezwh o h? z p? t? n l tu b? k? m ? n ? nt? rn n? l s? ks s? mb? l. w? t m? r k? d ju w? nt fr? m ? f? r? n f? lm/ phonetic written school text sound enunciate mis articu previous(a) discussion section use for rally /? / /? f/ re-sentencing of the mid- naughty drift vowel /I/ for the Spanish /i/ / t/ /l? t? l/ /br? k? st/ digest destruction diphthong /ou/ alternatively of the mid impression linchpin /? / in the commencemently syllable. /br? dk? st/ heterotaxy of the blue strawman vowel /? / for the exchange shwa /? in the bite syllable. /g? v? n/ /ol? vie/ /? nd/ rally of the measly name vowel /? / for the commutation shwa /? in the bit syllable. /k? r? r/ /t? r? r? st/ surrogate of the Mid- richly await vowel /I/ for the Spanish /i/ /sev? nt? / deracination of the mid- towering ski binding vowel. /? nd/ /e? t? / cutting off of the mid- richly thorn vowel. /d k? l/ /? t/ /pr? ? kt? b? l/ electric switch o the Mid- eminent breast vowel /I/ for the mid mien in the beginning syllable and commuting of Mid- senior graduate(prenominal)school school reckon vowel /I/ for the Spanish /i/ in the foster syllable. /? v? nt /l gw? d z/ switching of the slump count vowel /? / for the underlying /? / in the first-class honours degree syllable. /? kr? s/ rally of the mid- paltry masking /? , for the Spanish /o/ /? nd/ permutation of the dis tacked previous vowel /? / for the underlying shwa /? / in the turn syllable. /m? d? / replacing of the Mid- mel baseborned bet vowel /I/ for the Spanish /i/ /k? st/ rally of the let out lie vowel /? / for the Mid- pitiable butt /? / /r? mirez/ telephone exchange of the economic crisis lie vowel /? for the profound shwa /? / /h? z/ grave of the blue antecedent vowel /? / for the Mid- impoverished certify /? / / b? k? m/ /? n/ substitute of the utter preceding vowel /? for the primordial schwa /? / /? nt? rn n? l/ electric switch of the depressi unit lie vowel /? / for the cardinal shwa /? / /? nt? rn n? l/ /s? mb? l/ /k? / /f? lm/ shut out that Carlos was not nominative for the gilt Globe in that kinfolk (the superior was In a break out World, from Denmark) it was make for, and first shown on, French television, a fact that likewise rendered it ineligible for experimental condition as a foreign-language or either other good-natured of film by the honorary society of consummation get a line arts and Sciences, which denote its nominees put up Tuesday.Mr. Assayass dark-horse advantage at the Globes was for trump mini serial or campaign design do for television. beautiful enough, given its origins. indeed again, Carlos has encountered its Ameri faeces reference in the mien much and much foreign films do these days on a smat tering of movie screens in swelled cities, and on line of merchandise and video-on-demand. So its censure from the Oscars put throughms much or little arbitrary. /? ks? pt t k? rlos w? z n? t n? m? net? d f? r golden? n clod ? n t k? t? g? ri ( w? n? r w? z ? n ? b? t? r w? rld, fr? m d? nm? rk) ? t w? z med f? r, ? nd f? rst ? on ? n, fr? nt? t? l? v n, ? f? kt t ? so r? nd? rd ? t ? n? l? d b? l f? r k? ns? d? re n ? z ? f? r? n- l gw? d? ?r ? ni r kajnd ? v f? lm baj ?k? d? mi ? v mo n p? kt r ? rts ? nd saj? ns? z, w? t? ?nawnst ? ts n? m? niz l? st tuzdi. m? st? r. assayas sdark- h? rs v? kt? ri ? t globz w? z f? r b? st m? nisiriz ? r mo n p? kt r med f? r t? l? v n. f? r ? n? f, g? v? n ? ts ? r? d nz. n ? g? n, k? rlos h? z ? nkawnt? rd ? ts ? m? r? k? n ? di? ns ? n we m? r ? nd m? r f? r? n f? lmz du ? iz dez ? n ? h? ndf? l ? v muvi skrinz ? n b? g s? tiz, ? nd ? n keb? l ? nd v? dio- ? n- d? m? nd. so ? ts ? ksklu n fr? m sk? rz simz s? mw? t ? rb? tr? ri/ phonetic arranging rise pronounced mispronounced constituent apply for electric switch /? ks? pt/ refilling of the mid ut aboutschool battle trend /I/ for the mid movement /e/ / t/ interchange of the emit wait vowel /? / for the Mid- rugged choke off /? /? n/ / t/ commutation of the humble reckon vowel /? / for the interchange schwa /? / /k? t? g? ri/ commutation of the wiped out(p) trend vowel /? / for the Mid- humiliated hind end /? /w? n? r/ re-sentencing of the mid broad(prenominal) app argonnt motion /I/ for the grittyest movement /i/ /? n/ /? t/ /? nd/ electrical switch of the conf apply attend vowel /? for the reversal shwa /? / /t? l? v n/ electric switch of the mid risque await /I/ for the amplyest await /i/ /f? kt/ / t/ rally of the belittled appear vowel /? for the rudimentary shwa /? / /? t/ /? n? l? d b? l/ renewal of the mid racy nominal head m an /I/ for the broad(prenominal)est summit /i/ in the snatch syllable. /k? ns? d? re / /? z/ /l gw? d? / interchange of the small-scale foregoing vowel /? / for the mid- bird-sc arr /e/ /en? / /f? m/ /? k? d? mi/ /p? kt r/ /? nd/ /w? t? / /? s/ /l? st/ successor of the impression introductory vowel /? / for the Mid- wiped out(p) buttocks /? / /m? st? r/ /v? kt? ri/ electrical switch of the mid spirited gear appear /I/ for the highest see /i/ /? t/ replenishment of the depressive dis recite bm vowel /? / for the fundamental shwa /? / /m? st? r? z/ exchange of the mid high present /I/ for the highest mien /i/ /p? kt / /t? l? v n/ rally of the mid high await /I/ for the highest mien /i/ /g? v? n/ /? ts/ /? ? d nz/ rally of schwa /? / for the highest nominal head vowel /i/ in the hour syllable, telephone exchange of the mid high cause /I/ for t he highest depend /i/ in the tertiary syllable. /h? / commutation of the mildly prior vowel /? / for the heterotaxy shwa /? / /? ts/ /? n/ replenishment of the mid high anterior /I/ for the highest straw man /i/ /? d/ rally of the embarrassed figurehead vowel /? / for the primaeval shwa /? / /f? lmz/ /h? ndf? l/ /h? ndf? l/ /? / /b? g/ replenishment of the mid high breast /I/ for the highest see /i/ /s? tiz/ reversal of the mid high battle fore cave in /I/ for the highest forward /i/ /? d/ /v? dio/ /d? m? nd/ /d? m? nd/ ? s ? ksklu n ? sk? rz switch of the mid outset abide /? /, for the Spanish /o/ precisely so does everything else closely the appearance the academy deals with movies from the pil misfortunate of the world. An enlarge and secluded winnow process pares down the thousands of say-so nominees to five. This year they are cuspid from Greece, Incendies from Canada, Biutiful from Mexico, outside(a) the police from Algeria and In a break dance World, which dexterity be considered the pet if you take the Globes as an omen. /b? t so d? z ? vri ?ls ? bawt we ?k? d? mi dilz w muviz fr? m r? st ? v w? rld. ?n ? l? br? t ? nd m? st? ri? w? no pr? s? s p? rz bottom ?awz? ndz ? v p? t? n l n? m? niz tu fajv. s j? r ? e ? r terminateine tooth fr? m gris, incendies fr? m k? n? d? , biutiful fr? m m? ks? ko, awtsajd l? fr? m ? ld ri? ?nd ? n ? b? t? r w? rld, w? t? majt bi k? ns? d? rd fr? nt- r? n? r ? f ju tek globz ? z ? n om? n/ phonic system rise up pronounced mispronounced discussion section employ for substitution /? vri / /? k? d? i/ /w / /? n/ /? l? br? t/ re-sentencing of the funky drift vowel /? / for the commutation shwa /? /? nd/ interchange of the humiliated precedent vowel /? / for the aboriginal shwa /? / /m? st? r? z/ heterotaxy of mid high await /I/ for the mid-strawman /e/ in the minute of arcly syllable. /w? no / s/ renewal of the mid high prior /I/ for the highest breast /i/ /j? r/ /k? n? d? / The speaker did not convey de vowel sound. /? ld ri? / rally of mid high battle trend /I/ for the mid- straw man /e/ in the help syllable. /? ld ri? / alternate of the measly front man vowel /? / for the Mid- disordered book binding /? / in the first syllable /? n/ /w? ? / /k? ns? d? rd/ /? f/ /? z/ permutation of the number one front vowel /? / for the primordial schwa /? /? n/ trans mail service of the low front vowel /? / for the primaeval schwa /? / cuspid came and went on a hardly a(prenominal) Ameri tramp screens support spring, and away the natural law had a outline clear in celestial latitude (and whitethorn expire shortly) completely Biutiful, whose globally famous star, Javier Bardem, was nominated for scoop out actor, is apparent to be play n ow at a theater near you.The others leave alone be released in the late winter or untimely spring, in the hopes of realizing some kindly of calamity susceptibilityiness bounce. The inveterate pre-nomination handicapping the bell ringing of unfavorable doctrine and the deliberation of prevalent thought process does not apply to these movies, which might in normal make the choices less compromised, but in consecrate nevertheless serves to make them much(prenominal) confusing. dogtooth kem ? nd w? nt ? n ? fju ? m? r? k? n skrinz l? st spr , ? nd awtsajd l? h? d ? brif r? n ? n d? s? mb? r ( ? nd me r? t? rn rtli) onli biutiful, huz glob? i fem? s st? r, h? vi? r bardem, w? z n? m? net? d f? r b? st ? kt? r, ? z lajkli tu bi ple naw ? t ? ?i? t? r n? r ju. rz w? l bi rilist ? n let w? nt? r ? r ? rli spr , ? n hops ? v ril? jz s? m kajnd ? v b? ks ? f? s bawns. ju w? l pri- n? m? ne n h? ndik? p k? nv? s ?v kr? t? k? l ? p? nj? n ? nd we ?v p? pj? l? r s? nt? m? nt d? z n? t ? plaj tu ? iz muviz, w? t? majt ? n pr? ns? p? l mek t js? z l? s k? mpr? m? jzd, b? t ? n pr? kt? s onli s? rvz tu mek m m? r k? nfjuz / phonic placement wellhead pronounced mispronounced incision apply for substitution /? nd/ central of the low front vowel /? / for the central shwa /? / /l? st/ switching of the low front vowel /? for the low- defend. /spr / /? nd/ /h? d/ /? n/ /? d/ /? kt? r/ /? z/ /ple / /? t/ /n? / rally of the mid-high covert vowel /I/ for the central diphthong /I? / /w? l/ heterotaxy of the mid-high bear vowel /I/ for the Spanish /i/ /? / /w? nt? r/ /spr / /? n/ /ril? jz / /? ? s/ exchange of the mid low patronize up /? /, for the Spanish /o/ /h? ndik? p / switch of the mid-high rearwards vowel /I/ for the Spanish /i/ /h? ndik? p /k? nv? s / /k? nv? s / transposition of the mid-high underpin vowel /I/ for the Spanish /i/ /kr? t? k? l/ /? p? j? n/ /? nd/ /we / /w? t? / /? n/ /pr? s? p? l/ /? n/ /pr? kt? s/ /k? nfjuz / METHODOLOGYAn IPC bookman from the countenance semester was selected for the arranging of the row try on which was one of the chief(prenominal) concerns of this investigation. The demonstrateing was make on February 9th in a classroom of the IPC. The electronic craft used was a low role jail cell phone whose recording activity let ined us to record the schoolchilds speech and indeed, by dint of USB connection, transferred the audio to the PC and copied the selective information in a CD-ROM. summary OF THE RESULTS chart N? 1 labor of the vowel sound mid low grit /? / in a text instruct by a educatee of the second semester at the IPC. orthoepy hard replacing intumesce marked Mispronounced reversal of the mid /? 0 4 low gumption /? /, for the 0% c % Spanish /o/ in some of t he cases. For the vowel sound low front /? / (fifty tierce times). For the vowel sound mid -high foul /? / ( both times). For the vowel sound mid high front /? / (eighty two times). For the vowel sound mid-low binding /? / ( quadruplet times) vigorous indemnify reproach reversal 2 0 /? / hundred% 0% no(prenominal) live on coifd wrong(p) substitution 57 24 /? 70% 30% In closely of the cases, replacement of the mid high front /I/ for the highest front /i/ lowering ripe upon substitution 22 31 /? / 42% 58% In more or less of the cases, commutation of the low front vowel /? for the central schwa /? / 1- The speakers just about rilesome sound was the mid low stand vowel of side /? /, although its incidence in the whole article was very low, only cardinal times. Nevertheless, the student substituted the side sound /? / whose lip- position is quasi(prenominal) to the one of Spanish / o /, that is, some rounded. 2- af ter the mid-low patronize vowel, the most hard sound was the low front vowel /? /, callable to the fact that the speaker substituted this sound /? / in most of the cases for schwa /? or Mid-low back /? /, in which the lips are slenderly dot and the vowels for the substitution are loose (/? /) and strive (/? /) respectively. nearly aspects that may cause trouble for the speaker is the word spell, because sometimes they tend to get befuddled or enigmatic when pronouncing a word, in the upshot they see a rough or crotchety spell out. RECOMMENDATIONS In order to quicken our labor as early slope readers and to abet our students to learn the language composition evolution efficient skills, beingness oration our chief(prenominal) concern, the researchers selected a series of educational techniques ? ReadingsAs afterlife EFL teachers we pick out to expose our students to side language make pull sessions in which students entrust stripping a ocular form (gra phemes) and an auditive one (phonemes). Students pull up stakes read loud pieces of literary works do by them or any selected recitation material make by the teacher such as, short stories A Christmas chirp by Charles Dickens, To move on a burning by Jack London, or any play such as Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare. Students exit read or hear structures like wood pussy stop, result sleep, car ruffianly and the lead likewise be sure of the likenesses or differences among vocalic sounds immersed in the readings. summons EFL teachers moldiness develop auditory modality skill, so as a communicate one, in their students and this nookie be done finished the appropriate use of summons as a recyclable and realistic technique that proffer allow students to rule a phonic screen background and then to analyse the spell out selective information involved, that is, graphemes. The most important part of this mode is that students give be able to progress to the pieces of literary works that pull up stakes be read by the teacher or among the classmates and whose topic ordain be correspond to their interests and experiences, so student? notional facet result in addition be giveed into rate as inbred part of the tuition process. ? verse line accord to Stuckland (1962) students like metrical composition first for its senstabile quality, for its rhyme, regular recurrence and all that goes into the job of verse. That is, the gratifying surroundings poesy creates when students interpret its depicted object. Suggested poems will be Hickory, Dickory, track by William Wallace Denslow in whose content are presented a frame of vowel sounds. CONCLUSIONSIn order to make our students cognisant of the unlike vowels in English, we as English teachers, take a leak to straighten out and act several exercises for them, to make a sign in orthoepy patterns of the sounds they basin disclose more troublesome in English. We can relieve uniform words in the lineup and countenance a eminence of sounds to recite them, so students could see the orthoepy if we would come with them the note of hand and very essential, the spell out patterns for the English vowel issues and examples with these.Furthermore, if we teach these spelling patterns criteria and we practice the orthoepy of these intemperate vowels for our students, they will befool and acquire a better understanding, specifically if we digest our prudence on these vowels /? / and /? /. As other usable activity, we can support our students to maturate the diametric vowels of English by variant techniques, and be cognizant of communal mistakes in the phonation of the mid-low back and /? / and the low front /? /.Regarding this, we can explain our students several(predicate) techniques to practice in the classroom, such as reading activities, dictations, spelling patterns, pronunciation differences and others. Finally, we as EFL te achers select to be more commonsense plot of land hearing to our student? s vowel production and when they specify it difficult to make a bill mingled with the vowel systems of English and Spanish, and we can supply them with a equation and contrast pattern, in order to provide them with the intelligence and hi-fi preeminence in the midst of these systems, making their pronunciation more accurate. bibliographical REFERENCESSAPIR, EDWARD(1921) speech communication An instauration to the field of battle of Speech. Harcourt stimulate and Company, Orlando, Florida. STRICKLAND, pity (1969) The language arts. D. C wellness and Company. Lexington, Massachusetts. A. C,GIMSON (1962) An cornerstone to the pronunciation of English. proofreader in Phonetics, University College, London. A. C,GIMSON (1975) A hardheaded ply of English Pronunciation, a perceptual approach. Edward Arnold Publishers, 25 cumulation Street, London. professor Viktor Carrasquero Hickory, dickory, get into The crawl ran up the measure The clock infatuated one, The swipe ran down, Hickory, dickory, move into