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Classical Music EssayKerala (/kerl/), likewise know as Keralam (/kerlm/) is a extract located in the south-west region of India on the Malabar coast. Thiruvananthapuram is the situate capital among the 14 districts other major cities include Kochi andKozhikode. At a population of 33,388,000 in 2011, the pass on has the lowest population growth rate. It also has the highest literacy rate It is also considered as the cleanest state in India. fruit of pepper and natural rubber constitute prominent production in the total national output, as well as in the agricultural sector, coconut, tea, coffee, cashew, spices atomic number 18 beta. ClimateKerala has a wet and maritime tropical climate influenced by the seasonal heavy rains of the southwest summer monsoon and northeast winter monsoon.AgricultureKerala produces 97% of the national output of black pepper180 and accounts for 85% of the ara under natural rubber in the country.18166 Coconut, tea,coffee, cashew, and spicesincl uding cardamom, vanilla, cinnamon, and nutmegcomprise a critical agricultural sector.18218318418589186 The key agricultural staple is rice, with varieties grown in commodious paddy fields FisheriesKerala is peerless of the leading producers of fish in India. about 1.1 cardinal people elucidate their livelihood from fishing and totallyied activities such as drying, processing, packaging, exporting and transporting fisheries.Culture-DanceThe culture of Kerala is composite and cosmopolitan in nature and its an integral part of Indian culture. Kerala is home to a number of performance arts. These include cardinal innocent dance forms Kathakali, Mohiniyattam, Koodiyattom, Thullal andKrishnanattam, Culture-Music Carnatic harmony dominates Keralite tralatitiousistic medicinal drug. Development of classical music in Kerala is attri preciselyed to the contributions it received from the traditional performance arts associated with the temple culture of Kerala. Culture-Cuisine- Kera la cuisine has a multitude of both vegetarian and non-vegetarian dishes prepared development fish, poultry and meatElephantsElephants have been an integral part of culture of the state. Kerala is home to the largest domesticated population of elephant in Indiaabout 700 Indian elephants, owned by temples as well as individuals.324 These elephants are mainly sedulous for the processions and displays associated with feasts celebrated all around the state.TourismKerala is a tourist destination the backwaters, beaches, Ayurvedic tourism, and tropical greenery are among its major attractions. Keralas beaches, backwaters, mountain ranges and wildlife sanctuaries are the major attractions for both domestic and international tourists. The city of Kochi ranks first in the total number of international and domestic tourists in Kerala. Rjasthn, ) Known as The land of kings, is the largest state of the Republic of Indiaby area. It is located in the northwest of India. Jaipur is the capital a nd the largest city of the state. Eastern Rajasthan has the world famous Keoladeo subject area Park near Bharatpur, a World Heritage Site cognise for its bird life. It also has cardinal national tiger reserves, Ranthambore and Sariska Tiger Reserve, and a famous temple in Khatu, Sikar district, Language Rajasthani is the main mouth language of the state, although Hindi and English are used for official purposes. It is spoken by 13 million people in Rajasthan and other states of India.EconomyRajasthans economy is in the main agricultural and pastoral. Wheat and barley are cultivated over large areas, as are pulses, sugarcane, and oilseeds.Cotton and tobacco are the states cash crops. Rajasthan is among the largest producers of edible oils in India and the present moment largest producer ofoilseeds. Rajasthan is also the biggest wool-producing state in India and the main opium producer and consumer. There are mainly both crop seasons. The water for irrigation comes from wells and tanks. The Indira Gandhi Canal irrigates northwestern Rajasthan. The main industries are mineral based, market-gardening based, and textiles. Rajasthan is the second largest producer of polyester fibre in India. Rajasthan is pre-eminent in quarrying and mining in India The state is the second largest source of cement in India Tourism Endowed with natural beauty and a great history, tourism is a flourishing industry in Rajasthan. The palaces of Jaipur and Ajmer-Pushkar, the lakes of Udaipur, the desert forts of Jodhpur, Taragarh Fort (Star Fort) in Bundi, and Bikaner and Jaisalmer rank among the most favorite(a) destinations in India for many tourists both Indian and foreign.CultureThe Ghoomar dance from Udaipur and Kalbeliya dance of Jaisalmer have gained international recognition. folk music is a vital part of Rajasthani culture.Kathputli, Bhopa, Chang, Teratali, Ghindr, Kachchhighori, Tejaji etc. are the examples of the traditional Rajasthani culture. Rajasthan is known for its traditional, colorful art.wall photograph in bundi . The block prints, tie and dye prints, Bagaru prints, Sanganer prints, and Zariembroidery are major export products from Rajasthan. Handicraft items like woody furniture and handicrafts, carpets, and blue pottery are some of the things comm except found here. Rajasthani clothes have a lot of mirror- behave and embroidery. A Rajasthani traditional dress for females comprises an ankle length skirt and a short top, also known as a lehenga or a chaniya choli.CuisneRajasthani cooking was influenced by both the war-like lifestyles of its inhabitants and the availability of ingredients in this arid region.1 Food that could last for several days and could be eaten without heating was preferred. Rajasthani cuisine is a elegant array of colorful, spicy and unique dishes. Rajasthani food is incomplete without the mention of the famedDal-Baati-Churma, a distinctive dish of the state. emir KhusrauAmrKhusrow was an Indian musician, schol ar and poet. He was an iconic figure in the cultural history of the Indian subcontinent. A Sufi mystic and a spiritual disciple of Nizamuddin Auliya of Delhi, Amr Khusrow was non only a notable poet but also a prolific and seminal musician. He wrote poetry primarily in Iranian, but also in Hindavi. He compiled the oldest known printed dictionary (Khaliq-e-bari ) in 1320 which mainly dealt with Hindvi and Persian words. He is regarded as the father of qawwali. He is also credited with enriching Hindistani classical music by introducing Persian and Arabic elements in it, and was the originator of the khayal and tarana styles of music. The invention of the tabla is also traditionally attributed to Amr Khusrow. betimes life and backgroundAmr Khusrow was natural in Patiyali in Uttar Pradesh. His father, Amr Sayf ud-Dn Mahmd, was a Turkic officer and a member of the Lachin tribe of Transoxania, themselves belonging to the Kara-Khitais.567 His mother was the daughter of Rawat Arz, the f amous war minister of Balban, and belonged to the Rajput tribes of Uttar PradeshKhusrow the royal poetKhusrow was a prolific classical poet associated with the royal courts of more than seven rulers of the Delhi Sultanate. He is popular in much of North India and Pakistan, because of many playful riddles, songs and legends attributed to him. Through his enormous literary output and the legendary folk personality, Khusrow represents one of the first (recorded) Indian personages with a true multi-cultural or pluralistic identity. suffer DaysI 321 Mubarak Khilji was murdered and Ghiyath al-Din Tughluq came to power. Khusro started to write theTughluqnama. 1325 Sultan Muhammad bin Tughluq came to power. Nizamuddin Auliya died, and six months later so did Khusrow . Khusrow s tomb is next to that of his master in the Nizamuddin Dargah of Delhi. -Tulsi DasTulsiDas also known as Goswami Tulsidas), was a Hindu poet-saint, reformer and philosopher renowned for his devotion to the god Rama. A composer of several popular works, he is best known as the author of the epicRamcharitmanas, a retelling of the Sanskrit Ramayana in the vernacular Awadhi. Tulsidas was acclaimed in his lifetime to be a conversion ofValmiki, the composer of the original Ramayana in Sanskrit.4 He is also considered to be the composer of the Hanuman Chalisa, a popular devotional hymn dedicated to Hanuman, the divine devotee of Rama.5 Tulsidas lived permanently and died in the city of Varanasi.6 The Tulsi Ghat in Varnasi is named later him.3 He founded the Sankatmochan synagogue dedicated to Hanuman in Varanasi, believed to stand at the place where he had the sight of Hanuman.7 Tulsidas started the Ramlila plays, a folk-theatre adaption of the Ramayana.8 He has been acclaimed as one of the greatest poets in Hindi, Indian, and world literature.9101112 The impact of Tulsidas and his works on the art, culture and confederation in India is widespread and is seen to date in vernacular language, Ramlila plays, Hindustani classical music, popular music, and television series. Tulsidas is believed to be a reincarnation of ValmikiEarly lifeBirthTulsidas was born on the seventh day of the shining half of the lunar Hindu month Shraavana (JulyAugust). After renunciation, Tulsidas spent most of his time at Varanasi, Prayag, Ayodhya, and Chitrakuta but visited many other nearby and far-off places. He traveled across India to many places, studying antithetical people, meeting saints and Sadhus and meditating Tulsidas died at the Assi Ghat on the bank of the river Ganga in the Shraavan (JulyAugust) month of the year Vikram 1680 (1623 CE). Like the year of his birth, traditional accounts and biographers do not agree on the exact date of his death. Different sources give the date as the third day of the bright half, seventh day of the bright half, or the third day of the caliginous half.7778 -WorksKambanKambar (Kampan in casual address) was a medieval Tamil poet and the author of the Tamil Ramayanam Ramavatharam, popularly known as Kambaramayanam, the Tamil version of Ramayana. He was born in the 12th century in Tiruvaluntur in Tanjore district -LifeKambar belonged to the Ochchan or Occhan caste, traditionally nadaswaram players in southern India.34 But he was brought up in the household of a wealthy farmer in Vennai Nellur in south India. The Chola king having heard of this talented bard, summoned him to his court and honoured him with the title Kavi Chakravarthi or The Emperor of Poets. The Ramavataram or Kamba Ramayanam of Kamban is an epic of about 11,000 stanzas as opposed to Valmikis 24000 couplets. Kamba Ramayana is not a translation of the Sanskrit epic by Valmiki, but an original retelling of the story of the God Rama. The poetic work is well known for its similes. Many Tamil poets, statesmen, kings and common people have praised Kambar for his Kambaramayanam which has more than 10000 songs forming one of the greatest epics of Tamil. Kambaramayanam has more than 45000 lines.ThyagarajaKakarla Tyagabrahmam (May 4, 1767January 6, 1847), was one of the greatest composers of Carnatic music or classical South Indian music. He was a prolific composer and highly influential in the development of the South Indian classical music tradition. Tyagaraja calm thousands of devotional compositions, most in praise of master copy Rama many of which remain popular today. Of peculiar(prenominal) mention are five of his compositions called the Pancharatna Krithis (English five gems), which are often sung in programs in his honor. Tyagaraja was born in 1767 in Tiruvarur, Tiruvarur district, in what is now called Tamil Nadu, to Kakarla Ramabrahmam and Sitamma in a Telugu Brahmin family of the Mulukanadu subsect He was named Tyagaraja after Lord Tyagaraja, the presiding deity of the temple at Tiruvarur. Tyagaraja began his musical training under Sri Sonthi Ramanayya, a music scholar, at an early age. He regarded music as a way to experience Gods love.His o bjective while practising music was purely devotional, as opposed to focusing on the technicalities of classical music. Tyagaraja, who was totally immersed in his devotion to Lord Rama and led the most spartan way of life without bothering in the least for the comforts of the world, The songs he composed were widespread in their popularity. due to the labour of love by these musicians and researchers, there is a definitive prayer of Thyagarajas music. However out of 24,000 thousand songs said to have been composed, about 700 songs remain known. Tyagaraja Aradhana, the commemorative music festival is held every year at Thiruvaiyaru in the months of January to February in Tyagarajas honour. This is a week-long festival of music where various Carnatic musicians from all over the world converge at his resting place.SARODThe sarod is a stringed musical actor, used mainly in Indian classical music. Along with the sitar, it is the most popular and prominent instrument in Hindustani (nort hern Indian, Bangladeshi and Pakistani) classical music. The sarod is known for a deep, weighty, introspective sound, in contrast with the sweet, overtone-rich texture of the sitar, with sympathetic set up that give it a resonant, reverberant quality. It is a fretless instrument able to produce the continuous slides between notes known as meend (glissandi), which is important to Indian music. The sarod is believed by some to have descended from the Afghan rubab, a similar instrument originating in primal Asia and Afghanistan. The nameSarod roughly translates to beautiful sound or melody in Persian .DesignThe design of the instrument depends on the school (gharana) of playing. There are three distinguishable types, discussed below. The conventional sarod is an 17 to 25-stringed lute-like instrument tetrad to five main thread used for playing the melody, one or two drone strings, twochikari strings and nine to eleven sympathetic strings. The design of this early model is generall y credited to Niyamatullah Khan of the Lucknow Gharana as well as Ghulam Ali Khan of the Gwalior-Bangash Gharana. Among the contemporary sarod players, this basic design is kept intact by two streams of sarod playing Another type is that designed by Allauddin Khan and his brother Ayet Ali Khan. This instrument, referred to by David Trasoff (Trasoff, 2000) as the 1934 Maihar Prototype, is large and longer than the conventional instrument, though the fingerboard is identical to the traditional sarod described above. This instrument has 25 strings in all. Sarod strings are made either of steel or phosphor bronze. Early sarod players used sound off wire plectrums, which yield a soft, ringing tone.PlayingThe lack of frets and the tension of the strings make the sarod a very demanding instrument to play, as the strings must be pressed hard against the fingerboard. There are two approaches to stopping the strings of the sarod. One involves using the tip of ones fingernails to stop the st rings, and the other uses a gang of the nail and the fingertip to stop the strings against the fingerboard