One Earth, One chance Essay

Wake up in the morning. Take a glance outside of your house and there outside was trash, trash, and more trash. That’s not gonna be a pretty picture but if you don’t team and help our Earth, it could happen, and by then it’ll be too late. People should recycle more and save lots of energy plus it helps the Earth and your wallet! It wasn’t until I understood and realized that helping our Earth is a worthy thing to do and it also helps you feel happy that you know that you’ve done well on your part. Obviously, every human being should about recycling. Well did they know that recycling saves our precious resources from being used up? When you recycle aluminum just one can save enough energy to run a TV for three hours! Also for example, twenty-four thousand of waste is dumped daily including a staggering fifteen million plastic bags, enough to fill twenty-five buses. Apparently, if we recycled every plastic bottle we used, we would keep two billion tons of plastic out of landfills, WOW! Robert Alan once said â€Å"We can help educate our families and communities about the importance of recycling for our environment, and how each of us can make a difference for better world by recycling.† Let me now direct your attention on how a ton of recycled paper equals or saves seventeen trees in a paper production, now that’s what I’m talking about! Lastly, but evidently if you recycle glass it can generate 20% less air pollution and 50% less water pollution compared to manufacturing new glass. It’s kind of a real shocker how much little you can do can make a big difference and now one of them can be recycling. Save Energy, and this really speaks for itself. Clearly, turning off your computer at the end of your day saves lots of energy. Did you also know that using natural daylight whenever possible is another great way to cut electricity costs and help the environment? Well it does. Also saving energy at your house can save 30-40% on your energy bill. You can use compact fluorescent lights to light your home. Not only do these bulbs use less energy, but they last longer than traditional bulbs. Another is air dry dishes rather than using the heated drying cycle is a great way of saving energy. Making this small change can add up and make a big difference in your energy use and the amount you pay for energy every month. It’s an evident that helping our Earth is great when you recycle and save energy for you, the Earth and your wallet. Don’t you want to make a difference? So, what are you waiting for? Go help our Earth be more cleaner and energy efficient. Let’s make sure our Earth be cleaner at home and school before it’s too late. Furthermore remember to always be cautious about your energy use! So join me Saturday, downtown and help clean up trash at Dothan’s Annual Clean-Up Day!

A Critical Evaluation of Myself

Life is a continuous succession of events. The happiest incidents always linger in our minds as sweet memories. The most memorable incident in my life is the transition of Hong Kong into an integral part of the great country China. This brought about great changes in the life style and the political affairs of the people.I am proud to be a Chinese citizen now. Actually, I was born in Shanghai and brought up in Hong Kong. I consider myself to be very lucky to be the part of a very large country with a glorious past and a rich cultural heritage. The ‘great wall of china’ is one of the greatest wonders of the world. This beautiful structure clearly demonstrates the glory and power of ancient China.Growing up in modern Hong Kong was a great opportunity. Hong Kong has an international culture firmly rooted in age-old Chinese traditions. Life in Hong offers a fine blend of tradition and modernity. My life itself is proof of this wonderful fusion.Though I come from a traditiona l family, I was given the freedom to choose my life and pursue my career. I chose to major in art for my graduation. This may appear a bit odd for a person living in a commercial metropolis like Hong Kong. My ambition is to become a great artist. I believe I can achieve my dream because I am a very imaginative person. My specialization is photography and each time before I take a picture, I imagine how it would look like. This critical thinking power has greatly helped me to become an excellent photographer.All great countries are built upon the solid foundations of their culture. A number of great kings belonging to different dynasties who ruled China built up its great traditions. I love the Tong dynasty very much because they had developed China into a very powerful nation. Today China is a modern nation built upon the foundation of its tradition and culture.The success of a country is defined by its harmonious blending of the past and the present as in the case of Japan as well. The Japanese are rooted in history and tradition, but they are ready to embrace the new as my Japanese friend Satoko Nishikawa (2009) says: â€Å" In the city, there are tall buildings and old temples next to each other.Japanese culture is very traditional but at the same time people like to embrace the new. Japanese try to find a guide into tomorrow by taking lessons from the past†. Similarly, my other Japanese friend, Lidia Asato talks about the advantages of the fusion or blending of two diametrically opposed cultures. Born and brought up in Peru, Lidia   Asato (2009) though a full-blooded Japanese, grew up imbibing the Peruvian culture. Unlike the Japanese who are low profile and disciplined, the Peruvians are extroverts with a sense of humor.Mylinh Phu (2009), my Vietnamese friend also believes in accepting other culture without losing one’s own identity by declaring that â€Å"I grew up in America but I am proud to be a Vietnamese.   I still maintain my own culture by teaching my children how to speak Vietnamese†. This attitude is a clear proof of the power of critical thinking in myself as well as in my friends.

Paper on Depression

Thresa BigMan University of phoenix PSY270 Week 4 Depression paper Depression is a mental illness that a lot of individuals have in today’s society. According to the University of Phoenix fundamentals of abnormal psychology, describes many different mood disorders that effect many people today, â€Å"Depression is a low, sad state in which life seems dark and its challenges overwhelming.Depression can be an illness that can be manageable to an individual that has mild symptoms there are cases of depression that can be so severe that it can take over someone’s life in the aspect that it is manageable with daily living assistance and treatment plans that include assisted living environment and anti-depressants. Patients can even be misdiagnosed to have other disorders if not have a proper evaluation.Mania, the opposite of depression, is a state of breathless euphoria, or at least frenzied energy, in which people may have an exaggerated belief that the world is theirs for the taking. Most people with a mood disorder suffer only from depression, a pattern called unipolar depression. † When an individual has no history of mania and after the episode return to their normal mood others may experience periods of mania that o back and forth with periods of depression in a somewhat of a pattern is called bipolar disorder. (University of phoenix, 2011).Many individuals of all walks of life suffer from mood disorders according to the University of Phoenix Fundamentals of abnormal psychology (2011), â€Å"Mood disorders also have plagued such writers as Ernest Hemingway, Eugene O’Neill, Virginia Woolf, and Sylvia Plath. † Mood disorders have different stages of symptoms, according to the university of phoenix fundamentals of psychology (2011), â€Å"The symptoms, which often feed upon one another, span five areas of functioning: emotional, motivational, behavioral, cognitive, and physical. Emotional symptoms can have the individual feelin g miserable, humiliated, and sad. In severe cases many individuals can suffer from anhedonia which can cause the patient to have the inability to feel pleasure. They begin to have no self-worth. Motivational symptoms can include according to the University of Phoenix Fundamentals of psychology (2011), â€Å"Depressed people typically lose the desire to pursue their usual activities. Almost all report a lack of drive, initiative, and spontaneity. They may have to force themselves to go to work, talk with friends, eat meals, or have sex. The patient will not have any motivation to get up and get out of bed at times. Motivational symptoms could be that a patient doesn’t want to do anything and has to force one self to do the littlest of things in their daily life. Behavioral symptoms include behaviors where the individual becomes less active productive. Cognitive symptoms people see themselves in a very negative light and do not have a high self-worth when they accomplish somet hing that is very substantial they do not see it in the right regards to see what they did was successful.Physical symptoms can include headaches, nausea, vomiting and sleeping issues. Physical symptoms can vary from person to person when it comes to mood disorders. Many times physical symptoms can often cloud proper diagnoses to mood disorders, according to the University of Phoenix Fundamentals of abnormal psychology (2011), â€Å"In fact, many depressions are misdiagnosed as medical problems at first. Disturbances in appetite and sleep are particularly common (Neckelmann et al. , 2007; Genchi et al. 2004). Most depressed people eat less, sleep less, and feel more fatigued than they did prior to the disorder. Proper diagnoses are often over looked because of all the physical symptoms that a person with a mood disorder can develop. Often the symptoms are treated before depression is diagnosed. When diagnosing unipolar depression, according to the University of Phoenix Fundamentals of abnormal psychology (2011), â€Å"People who experience a major depressive episode without having any history of mania receive a diagnosis of major depressive disorder. Individuals who display a longer-lasting but less disabling pattern of unipolar depression may receive a diagnosis of dysthymic disorder.Bipolar I disorder have full manic and major depressive episodes. Most of them experience an alternation of the episodes; for example, weeks of mania followed by a period of wellness, followed, in turn, by an episode of depression. Some people, however, have mixed episodes, in which they swing from manic to depressive symptoms and back again on the same day. In bipolar II disorder, hypomanic—that is, mildly manic—episodes alternate with major depressive episodes over the course of time.When dysthymic disorder leads to maojr depressive disorder, the sequence is called double depression (Taube-Schiff & Lau, 2008). † Unipolar depression is often triggered when the individual is experiencing extreme stress. Forms of treatment for these types of mood disorders may include antidepressants, individual therapy, and in extreme cases an individual may have to be under constant care as the disorder has caused them to not be able to maintain their normal quality of life and may be harmful to themselves or others.Group and family therapy can be an effective form of treatment for patients. According to the University of Phoenix Fundamentals of abnormal psychology (2011), â€Å"Family-Social Treatments Therapists who use family and social approaches to treat depression help clients change how they deal with the close relationships in their lives. The most effective family-social approaches are interpersonal psychotherapy and couple therapy. † Anti-depressants are commonly given as a part of the treatment plan for a patient.According to the University of Phoenix Fundamentals of abnormal psychology (2011), â€Å"Two kinds of drugs discovered in the 1950s reduce the symptoms of depression: monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors and tricyclic’s. † Proper diagnoses are the most important part about treating any mental disorder. Many times physical symptoms cloud the illness. When treating this disorder it is important to diagnose to be accurate because often these types of disorders are often prescribed antidepressants as a way to treat the illness.After proper accurate diagnoses developing a treatment plan to determine what types of treatments would the patient benefit from. Assisting the patient in a proper evaluation to diagnose correctly is also a way for the patient to learn what is a normal mood or reaction to events or stress that happens in their life time can help determine what the patient is experiencing and often even why. Treatment and proper diagnoses goes hand in hand they are as important to the patient. References University of phoenix. (2011). Fundamentals of psychology. Retrieved from University o f phoenix, PSY270 website.

Summary the artical Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Summary the artical - Essay Example Blue oceans consist of all those industries that create new demand and market or expand the boundaries of the existing demand and market. By doing so, they generate new opportunities for profit and growth. Blue oceans have been a source of growth in the past and will remain so in the future. Emergence of new industries and wide products differentiation in the existing ones in the past demonstrate this phenomenon. As globalization spreads and barriers fall further, red oceans will increasingly become competitive with more products standardized resulting in price wars and reduced profitability. Only blue oceans will ensure growth and profit in the future. However, paradoxically, there is a bias in favor of red oceans. A study found that, out of 108 new ventures, 86 percent pursued red oceans strategy contributing to 62 percent of revenue and 39 percent of profit. Only the remaining 14 percent new ventures followed blue ocean strategy but they contributed 38 percent of revenue and 61 percent of total profit. Blue oceans have four defining features, as identified based on the data of 100 years in auto, computer, and movie and theater sectors. First, firms might create blue oceans through technological innovation in some cases but they tweak the existing technology to new uses in most cases. Second, existing firms often create blue oceans within their core competency areas rather than stepping out to new frontiers. Third, the most appropriate unit of analysis is not a firm or industry but the strategic move involving managerial actions and decisions to tap the blue oceans of demand and market. Fourth, creation of blue oceans builds new brands. Strategic orientation is more important than large R & D budget to create new market space. Red ocean strategy and blue ocean strategy have their own characteristics. In red ocean strategy, firms compete in the existing market space, beat the competition, exploit the existing demand, make a trade-off

Classic Airlines Benchmarking Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Classic Airlines Benchmarking - Essay Example The analysis of the Toyota Motor Corporation’s management style and policies applied by it, could prove to be valuable in analyzing the case of Classic Airlines. Generic Benchmarking—The purpose of generic benchmarking is to identify potential solutions to the problem statements defined in Task A. You will do this by looking at how companies in other industries have dealt with similar issues. The Toyota Motor Sales Inc. (USA), headed by Jim Cookie – the national facilities operations manager, initiated concrete steps to revive its old management policies and adopted a new performance based facilities management approach which focused on the customer relationships so as to enable it to meet all needs and expectations of its customers. This new management approach, launched about 3 years back, ensured that the managers spent more time with the customers and was hugely successful, and translated into nearly $10 million in savings over the first five years of its launch. Toyota’s operations in North America comprise of a geographically diverse area, with several business units and branches spread across the length and breadth of the country and hence the company focused on their customer needs and expectations in order to attain optimum levels of customer satisfaction. â€Å"In a large corporation with multiple business units, marketing may be called on to assess consumer trends as an aid to corporate planning. At the business unit level, marketing may be asked to provide leadership in developing a new, integrated customer service program across all business units† (Kerin et al, 2006, ch.2, pp.7). a. Prior to initiating the new management plan, the company initiated measures to assess the needs and expectations of all its customers so as to have a better understanding of the composition of its customers and fulfill those needs and desires to

Discuss Love and Passion in relation to either Contemporary Art Assignment

Discuss Love and Passion in relation to either Contemporary Art - Assignment Example The essay "Discuss Love and Passion in relation to either Contemporary Art" explores the Contemporary Art and its connection with Love and Passion. Passion is best described as the rendezvous of the body and the soul. The place where the body’s activity is amalgamated with the soul’s passivity all in intertwine and imposing upon each other. The different make-up of the body allows for the disposition of the passion that exists and gives necessary motion into action. Passion diffuses the spirits which ultimately leads to the realization of passion. When this object of passion becomes the pivotal point then it charges for the union of the senses. Foucault relates on how passion can lead to madness as it at certain degrees transcend beyond a simple cause but through its dominance becomes the foundation of its possibility. These ‘diseases,’ like madness, can then be deemed as an illness of both the soul and the corporeal. In the moralist tradition, madness is d efined in correlation to consternated passion. This chase for the gratification of passions can lead to transient lunacy. Previous thoughts directly associated madness with the notion of passion and desire and its fulfillment. If this is true, then it must mean that when love leads to insanity then that is the ultimate consummation of this fusion gone awry. This manifestation of lurid emotions can often be seen in many artists’ works. The fury and passion of relentless and point blank overbearing love is a subject that is not too uncommon.

Perry Rose Case Study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Perry Rose Case Study - Essay Example Additionally, a Memo will be prepared to the board advising them on whether to accept or reject the project. The study will put forth factors that a bank should consider prior advancing loans. Additionally, calculations will be utilized in order to determine whether the bank should grant the required increase in the overdraft for Gainsborough Fashions Ltd. In above connection, the Year0 Year1 Year2 Year3 Year4 year5 Year6 ?000 ?000 ?000 ?000 ?000 ?000 ?000 Equipments (500) - - - - - (100) Sales Revenue 0 450 470 470 470 470 470 (-)Less Cost Materials 0 0 126 132 132 132 132 Labour 0 0 90 94 94 94 94 Overheads 0 0 300 300 300 300 300 Add back Depreciation 0 0 120 120 120 120 120 Working Capital (180) - - - - - - Incremental cash flows 320 450 74 64 64 64 (36) (b) Calculate: (i) The project’s payback period. ... ii) The project’s net present value as at 31 December Year 0. Years Incremental cash flow Discount factor (12%) Present Value 0 (?500) 1 (?500) 1 ?450 0.893 ?401.85 2 ?74 0.797 ?58.98 3 ?64 0.712 ? 45.57 4 ?64 0.636 ? 40.70 5 ?64 0.567 ?36.29 6 (?36) 0.507 (?18.25) Net Present Value=?101.64 (c) Write a memo to the board advising on the acceptance or rejection of the project. (7 marks) Perry Rose Plc Finance Public Limited Company Bromsgrove 6th April 2013. To: The Board of Perry Rose Plc. From: Assistant Accountant of Perry Rose Plc Subject: Acceptance or Rejection of the Project The computation above indicates that the amount invested would be recovered within a very short time. This is based on the pay back period which shows that the amount invested will be recovered within a period of 1year and 4 months. Additionally, the above computations indicate that the Board of Perry Rose Plc should undertake the project because it has a positive net present value of ?101.64. Whereby , a positive net present value indicates that better returns will be derived by investing in this project (Hansen, Mowen and Guan, 2009). Therefore, I would recommend the company to undertake the project because the benefits outweigh the cost. Yours Sincerely Finance and Accounting Department 2. (a) Identify and discuss the major factors that a bank would take into account before deciding whether to grant an increase in the overdraft of a business. An overdraft involves amount of money given by bank account to the business and it should be repaid upon bank request. An overdraft provides current account holders with an opportunity to withdraw more funds than what it is already available in

Current threats to UK Security Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Current threats to UK Security - Essay Example (Chalk & Rosenau, 2004) On the British mainland, the police were responsible for all intelligence operations against Irish Republican terrorism work through the Special Branch (SB) of the Metropolitan Police Service. However, a series of high-profile terrorist incidents in London in the early 1990s, including a mortar attack on Number 10 Downing Street, prompted the British government in 1992 to take appropriate actions against terror by giving the Security Service lead responsibility for all intelligence gathering related to Irish extremism. Britain was then followed by significant terror attacks from 1988, when the country suffered with the bombing of Pan Am flight 103 over Lockerbie. The terrorists found to be two Libyan agents. When British counter-terrorism efforts were busy concentrating on the IRA's bombing campaign, Britain was again confronted to the terror attacks, which resulted in the outcome of the 1998 Good Friday Agreement. At last it was clear to the UK's intelligence agencies and military police that London is being continuously used as the grounds for terrorism attacks for individuals that promote, organise and fund terrorism. It was found that such individuals belonged from Middle East and related nations. Britain at that time was either over confident of the national security or may be it did not consider the terror attacks and International terrorism due to which it made a mistake of ignoring threats from Al-Qaeda. Even the 9/11 attacks remain unable to gain attention of the British intelligence community. But the suicide terror attacks after 9/11 in London, made the forces realise to take appropriate considerations against terrorism. Today Al-Qaeda is considered to be the most dangerous form of terrorist threat not only in Britain but also to the whole International system. Among the most traditional terrorist groups formed, Al-Qaeda is the most modernized form of terror as its aim is to promote mass killing through every possible means. It is considered to be the most perilous of all the groups because it plans and implements those plans beyond killing. 'Brainwashing' is its most significant characteristic, which leads to suicide bombing. It plays with the morals of the young generation thereby convincing and brainwashing them with the advantages of suicide bombings. The UK is confronted towards the risky situation of threat due to some reasons. First it is the closest ally of the United States, which is the most precarious enemy of Al-Qaeda. It has deployed armed forces in the military campaigns to bring down the Taliban regime in Afghanistan and Iraq, and has played a leading role in the cooperation against Al-Qaeda. (Gregory Frank & Wilkinson Paul). Al-Qaeda has not stopped sending threatening messages to the UK, which are to some extent still ignored by the military forces. The extremists have succeeded in taking advantage of the current circumstances where they assume UK to be an easy meal for them as they are very well aware that their deployment within the UK territory is not a big deal and in particular circumstances where there is a new threat of 'suicide bombers', it is a lot more easier for them to harass

Umbrella Clauses in Bilateral investement Treaties & Comparison Essay

Umbrella Clauses in Bilateral investement Treaties & Comparison between ICSID, UNCITRAL and ICC - Essay Example Put another way, the main question is whether or not the umbrella clause renders a breach of an investment contract a treaty claim.3 A review of previous arbitration decisions on the issue have produced mixed results. It would appear that with contradictory rulings on the matter, umbrella clauses can sometimes be effective for resolving disputes arising out of investment contracts concluded under the authority of BITs. Wong argues however that, contradictory rulings only serve to nullify umbrella contracts and thus render them ineffective as a means of resolving disputes arising out of an investment contract.4 This paper evaluates umbrella clauses with a view to determining whether or not a rule of law can be identified in the jurisprudence pointing to the when and how umbrella clauses can be used effectively to resolve disputes arising out of an investment contract. Case Law Consistency in arbitration decisions is an allusive concept due to the fact that arbitration panels are forme d specifically for a case. As a result, panels do not sit consistently and therefore they do not have the persistent experience and consistency that court appointed judges may have and usually accumulate. Moreover, international arbitration does not have a hierarchal structure in which appeals can be heard by a higher arbitration panel for the purpose of establishing or clarifying a rule of law. In the meantime, arbitration decisions are usually heard in private, and where they are published and shared, publication is delayed and highly selective. For example, the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) only publishes 12% of its cases and even then, the case is only reported three years after the award is given (Guillaume, 2011).5 Therefore in evaluating case law in international commercial arbitration, it is difficult to know with any degree of reasonable certainty, what the actual jurisprudence is on a particular legal matter. The cases that are available reveal only limited juris prudence and any evaluation is therefore qualified by the fact, that a complete analysis of the legal rule is not possible. This analysis of the effectiveness of the umbrella clause for the resolution of disputes arising under an investment contract can only be determined on the basis of the available published arbitration cases. The first case of note is the 2003 case of SGS Societe Generale de Surveillance S.A. v Islamic Republic of Pakistan. This case involved a dispute which arose under a contract between Pakistan and Swiss company for the latter’s services as a shipment inspection agency. Pakistan terminated the contract later on and the Swiss company, relying on the BIT between Switzerland and Pakistan submitted the matter to arbitration and claimed that in addition to breaching the terms of the contract, Pakistan also violated its obligations under the BIT and especially the umbrella clause. Pakistan argued however that the dispute arose under an investment contract an d therefore the panel did not have jurisdiction over the matter.6 The arbitral panel ruled that the investment contract between Pakistan and the Swiss company predated the BIT and the applicability of the umbrella clause must be viewed in that light. In this regard, unless there was clear

Philosophy of healthcare in USA Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Philosophy of healthcare in USA - Essay Example The target population includes the elderly especially the chronically ill older patients, children, and unemployed or underemployed people. Much attention has been given to older people because of their poor health and it is estimated by 2050 thirty percent of the population in USA will consist of elderly people. It is estimated that over 45 million people in USA are either uninsured or underinsured (Papadimos, 2007). This means that access to quality healthcare is little or none. In some instances political agendas have resulted in creating healthcare programs that are ineffective. This has downplayed the importance of better healthcare services to the population. The quality and appropriateness of healthcare services impact heavily on costs. The insured have access to better healthcare services than those uninsured. This means the uninsured and those unemployed or underemployed access cheap healthcare services that may be poor in quality. The government should make sure that all people have access to quality healthcare regardless of their socioeconomic status. Health insurance policies should at least cover the most vulnerable people in the population. Programs proposed by the Congress should be workable and

Animation Critique Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Animation Critique - Essay Example The most important technique in animation film is the Squash and Stretch, which is used to create an exaggeration of an animated movement. In addition, Winsor McCay propelled the American animation industry with the release of ‘Gertie the Dinosaur’. Blackton was widely esteemed for his stop-motion technique while McCay is renowned for employing much more modern techniques referred to as key-framing and the in-between techniques (Lewis 221). ‘Felix the Cat’ is one of the characters that were created by Pat Sullivan in the era of the silent films. ‘Felix the cat’ is one of the most recognizable characters because of its huge wide eyes and grin, black body and squat. ‘Felix the Cat’ is a good animation considered an iconic character in the historical making of the animation film production. The artistic expertise employed in Felix the Cat made it an outstanding piece of work in that era. For example, the use of a text box or bubbles to denote communication between characters. In addition, the use of question marks to express emotions and dotted lines denote the direction he is facing presents a complete communication. The possession of such qualities rendered the audience the ability to grasp the flow of the silent films. I personally liked the character of Felix the Cat because he was a fast decision maker. Felix the cat does not use the simple camera work, it is played with the asp ect of a film. The level of technology then was poor and the quality of production was unsatisfying (Pike 43). In addition, the emergence of modern studios, for example the Disney suppressed Felix’s native studio. Fantasmagorie was the first fully animated film that was made by Emile Cohl. This animation was made up of drawings flowing in a fluent manner into one another. In this film, the audience is only able to see the smooth blending of the illustrations and drawings. Moreover, I find this film a complex piece as well as an impressive narrative. The

Pressure Care Essay Example for Free

Pressure Care Essay After reading Mrs Fs care plan, it states that she prefers a female care staff to assist her with any daily living needs she requires. Mrs F has no specific preference to how she is moved, and is able to move with the support of one care staff. I also check Mrs Fs Norton Scale risk assessment which states that she is at high risk of pressure area breakdown, and therefore it is essential I check to see if she has any pressure breakdowns. Upon entering the room, I assist Mrs F will putting in her hearing aid, ensuring it is on the correct setting and volume. Once Mrs F can hear me, I ask her if she is ready to move, to which she replies she is. I explain the Mrs F that I am going to help her stand up from the bed, and take her into the bathroom, for her to use the facilities and to get washed and dressed, to which she agrees to. I inform Mrs F that I will return shortly, as I need to put on PPE. I walk to the bathroom and thoroughly wash and dry my hands. This is important as it reduces the risk of cross infection. Cross infection is the transferring of harmful bacteria from one person, object or place to another. Transferring of bacteria can be done by human contact, bodily fluids or food. I then apply gloves and an apron, and go back to Mrs Fs room. As I walk through her room, I assess the environment to see if there are any obstacles which may prevent Mrs F from standing up correctly, and walking to the bathroom without any risks or hazards. As I walk through her room, I move her over-the-bed table to one side of the room, as this could pose a hazard for Mrs F. After assessing the rest of the room, I feel it is now safe to move Mrs F. As Mrs F is still laying in bed at this point, I have two movements to do. One is to get her from laying down, to sitting up, and the other to standing up. I ask Mrs F is she could roll towards me, but not too far as she would fall out the bed. I then ask Mrs F to swing her legs over the side of the bed, then to push up with her hands, allowing her to be in a sitting up position. Mrs F does so, and I give her some time to regain her balance. I then ask Mrs F if she is ready to stand up, to which she is. I put on Mrs Fs slippers as this reduces the risk of her feet slipping on the floor. I then ask Mrs F to place both hands by either side of her on the bed. I then place my own hand on the bottom of her back, providing support and balance for when she stands. I ask Mrs F to push down with her hands, in order to stand up. As Mrs F is pushing down with her hands, I gently push Mrs F to give her extra support, and keep my hand there to provide balance in case she falls back onto the bed. Mrs F then puts her hands on the zimmer frame, and I ask her if she has got her balance, to which she has. I then move my hand from the bottom of Mrs Fs back. I walk with Mrs F to her wardrobe and ask her what she would like to wear today. After Mrs F has chosen her clothes, I then take her into the bathroom. I help Mrs F to sit on the toilet, and stand outside the bathroom whilst she uses the facilities. Once Mrs F has finished, I then re-enter the bathroom, I remove the incontinence pad and put it to one-side and start running the water into the sink. I ask Mrs F if she would prefer to use soap or shower gel. Mrs F chooses soap. After filling the sink, I put soap and water on the flannel and hand it to Mrs F to wash her face. Mrs F then dries her face. I then assist Mrs F with removing her nightdress, and place a towel round her to maintain Mrs Fs dignity. Due to Mrs F being at high risk of pressure area breakdown, I ask her if she minds me checking areas for any signs on redness or breakdown. Mrs F agrees. I check Mrs Fs shoulders and elbows; there are no red marks or breakdown areas. I then hand Mrs F the flannel once again, and ask her to wash her front. After this, Mrs F asks me to assist her with washing her back, which I do. I ask Mrs F if she would like talcum powder on, which she does. I place some talcum powder in Mrs Fs hands, and she applies it where she would like it. I then ask Mrs F if she would like any on her back, which she would. I then assist Mrs F will putting on her vest. However, as Mrs F puts on her vest, she knocks out her hearing aid. I assist Mrs F with putting it back in, but it doesnt work. I change the settings and volume, but Mrs F is still unable to hear me. I change the batteries, which still doesnt resolve the problem. I know have to interpret actions in order to finish assisting Mrs F with washing and dressing. Once Mrs Fs vest is on, I move my hands in an upwards motion, to signify standing up. As Mrs F has a raised toilet seat with arms, I point to the arms of the seat signifying Mrs F to place her hands on the arms of the seat, and once again, I will place my hand at the bottom of her back, to help her stand. As I need to permission of Mrs F to check her hips and buttocks for pressure area breakdown, I write down on a piece of paper can I check if you have any red marks? However, Mrs F finds it difficult to read what is on the paper. As Mrs F doesnt know where her glasses are, I move the paper backwards and forwards in the hope of Mrs F being able to focus. Although Mrs F cant read it properly, she deciphers that the paper says can I look. Mrs F then states that I can check whatever I need to. After checking these areas, again, there are no signs of redness or pressure breakdown. I hand Mrs F the flannel, for her to wash herself underneath. I then handed Mrs F the towel for her to dry herself. Once Mrs F was dry, I sit her back down onto the toilet to assist her to finish getting dressed. I assist Mrs F with putting on her underwear and incontinence pad. I also put on her trousers. As Mrs F has stated that I can check what I need to, I check Mrs Fs heels and there is no sign of redness or pressure breakdown. I then put on Mrs Fs slippers. Before standing Mrs F up, I help her put on the top she has chosen. Once Mrs F is ready, I once again go through with Mrs F how we are going to stand her up. I count to three, and I help her stand up. Once stood up, Mrs F pulls up her underwear and trousers. Once her underwear and trousers are pulled up, I hand Mrs F her comb in order for her to brush her hair. I place my hand at the bottom of her back to help her keep her balance whilst she brushes her hair. Once Mrs Fs hair is brushed. I lead her out of the bathroom, and ask her if she is ready for breakfast, to which she is. I sit Mrs F down in her room whilst I dispose of my apron and gloves, the incontinence pad and any dirty washing from the room. I leave the room, and go to the bathroom, where I dispose of the incontinence pad into a yellow clinical bin. I then take the dirty clothes to the laundry and place them in the correctly coloured bin, which are red for towels and flannels, white for underwear and light garments and blue for dark garments. I then go back to the bathroom, and remove my gloves and apron, disposing of them in the yellow clinical bin. I then go over to the sink and thoroughly wash and dry my hands. After doing this, I go back to Mrs Fs room and signify to Mrs F the motions of eating and drinking, symbolising breakfast. Mrs F understands this motion and says she would love a cup of tea and something to eat. I repeat the routine for the benefit of Mrs F in respect placing her hands on the arms of the chair, to help her stand up I place my hand on the bottom of her back, to assist her standing. Once standing, I guide Mrs F out of her room, and sit her down at the breakfast table.

Importance Of Emotional Intelligence In The Organisational Context Education Essay

Importance Of Emotional Intelligence In The Organisational Context Education Essay Until the last two decades, it was strongly believed that IQ is all it takes to be successful in life. Gardners multiple intelligence theory in the early 1980s brought in a different perspective and outlook towards intelligence and brought inter personal and intra personal intelligence to the fore front. Emphasizing Gardners view point, Steven Covey in 1990 wrote a book, 7 habits of highly effective people wherein he said that verbal and reasoning ability form a very small spectrum of human intelligence and inter and intra personal skills are most important for being effective and successful. Slowly, many more researchers added on to the body of research, where they concluded that non cognitive ability is equally or more important than IQ. Researchers of 21st century from the fields of psychology, education and business are converging on the concept of Emotional Intelligence, which is deemed as a sure pathway for success in personal and organisational life. IQ gets you hired, but EQ gets you promoted is the claim made by some journals and magazines. Emotionally intelligent people can perceive, understand and regulate the emotions of others, thus making Emotional intelligence a significant factor in the success of inter personal interaction in work context. Increasingly employers all over the world are actively seeking people with high emotional intelligence. History of Emotional Intelligence There is a large body of research on Emotional Intelligence across various nations. But the very concept of Emotional Intelligence was understood and studied by many in earlier days. The first recorded concept of Emotional Intelligence can be traced back to Charles Darwin. The first book on emotions was published in 1872 by Charles Darwin- The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals. In this book, Darwin talks about various primary emotions and emphasizes the theory of Survival of fittest that talks about adaptability to the surrounding, which is the key to success. In 1930s, Edward Thorndike describes the concept of social intelligence as the ability to get along with other people. During 1940s, David Wechsler defined intelligence as aggregate of global capacity to act purposeful, think rationally, and to deal effectively with his environment. Wechsler proposed that no intellective abilities are essential for predicting ones ability to succeed in life. David Wechsler suggests that affective components of intelligence may be essential to success in life. Gradually there came a shift in the concept of intelligence, where intelligence included a broader array of mental abilities. Howard Gardner (1983) pioneered the concept of Multiple Intelligence. He proposed that Interpersonal and Intra personal Intelligence are as important as the type of intelligence typically measured by IQ tests. He advised educators to appreciate students with varied skills and learning styles. In 1985, the first use of the term Emotional intelligence was attributed to Wayne Paynes doctoral thesis A study of emotion: developing emotional intelligence; self-integration; relating to fear, pain and desire (theory, structure of reality, problem-solving, contraction/expansion, tuning in/coming out/letting go). In 1985, Dr Reuven Baron coined the term Emotional Quotient to describe his approach to asses emotional and social functioning. In 1987 in an article published in Mensa Magazine, Ke ith Beasley uses the term emotional quotient. It has been suggested that this is the first published use of the term. Rigorous research in this field was done by psychologists Peter Salovey and John Mayer and later in 1990 they published an article titled, Emotional Intelligence, in the journal Imagination, Cognition, and Personality. The two psychologists concluded seven years later that emotional intelligence comprised four mental processes. Though a lot many researches were undertaken and published in this field , the term Emotional Intelligence did not gain popularity and momentum till 1995, when a cover page article by Nancy Gibbs et al appeared in Times magazine , which read What is your EQ? (Time Magazine, October 1995). Daniel Goleman, psychologist and New York Times journalist, through his best sellers Emotional Intelligence: Why It Can Matter More Than IQ? (1995) , and Working with emotional intelligence (2000) brought the word Emotional Intelligence as a common term, ev en understood by a layman. In the year 1997, Reuven Baron created EQ-i, the first test to measure Emotional intelligence, published by a psychological test publisher. In the year 2000, American dialect society chose the term Emotional Intelligence as the most useful new word of the decade. Definition, models and measures of Emotional Intelligence: There are varied definitions of emotional intelligence and considering any one as a standard definition has become virtually impossible. Some of the following are most popularly used definitions of Emotional Intelligence, used by majority of the scholars and researchers in the field of Emotional Intelligence. Salovey and Mayers Definition: (1997) Emotional Intelligence is the ability to perceive emotions, to access and generate emotions so as to assist thought, to understand emotions and emotional knowledge, and to reflectively regulate emotions so as to promote emotional and intellectual growth. They proposed ability model of EI where it is considered that individuals vary in their ability to process emotion laden information and it can be measured. Ability based model outlines 4basic constructs: perceiving, assimilating, understanding and managing emotions. The most popularly used ability based measure of Emotional Intelligence is Mayor Salovey Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test (MSCEIT) with a chronbach alpha of 0.68- 0.71. Dr. Reuven Bar-Ons Definition(1997): Emotional -Social Intelligence is a cross section of interrelated emotional and social competencies, skills and facilitators that determine how effectively we understand and express ourselves , understand others and relate with them, and cope with daily demands (Bar-On, R. (1997). Emotional Quotient Inventory (EQi ) is the tool used to measure Barons Emotional Intelligence. It has a chronbach alpha of 0.85. Daniel Golemans Definition: Emotional Intelligence refers to the capacity for recognizing our own feelings and those of others, for motivating ourselves, and for managing emotions well in ourselves and our relationships. Goleman proposed mixed model of EI which focuses on EI as a wide array of competencies and skills that drive leadership performance. Mixed EI model consist of 4 main EI constructs: Self awareness, Social awareness, Self management and relationship awareness. Golemans Emotional Intelligence measure is Emotional Competency inventory (ECI) by Boyatzis,Goleman and Hay Mcber (1999) . It has chronbach alpha of 0.71- 0.85. Petrides and Furnham (2000) proposed Trait EI (or trait emotional self-efficacy), which refers to a constellation of behavioral dispositions and self-perceptions concerning ones ability to recognize, process, and utilize emotion-laden information. They proposed Trait EI model which consists of 15 facets of EI. Trait EI refers to an individuals self-perceptions of their emotional abilities .Trait Emotional Intelligence is measured using TEIQue developed by Petrides, Perez and Furnham (2003). It has a chronbach alpha of .85. In all the above mentioned models of EI one common feature is that the models bifurcated the EI competency with respect to self and society. It is difficult to rate any of the measures of EI to be superior over the other. According to Salovey et al (2007), mental ability model can only be called aptly as emotional intelligence model, the others being more generic. Mental ability model is empirically tested and it meets the criteria of standard intelligence. Due to the presence of too many models, definitions, tests and books on EI, the research in the field of EI has become highly diverse. It is too early to come to a consensus on a universal definition, model and test of EI, considering the fact that even the most widely accepted test for IQ, The Wechsler intelligence scale was coined after over 100 years of clinical assessment and research. (Salovey .P. 2007). Researchers in this field should judiciously choose the tool to measure EI of respondents based on the research purpose and context. The model of Emotional Intelligence and organizational effectiveness by Cherniss et al (2001) highlights the importance of EI for organisational improvement. The model describes how Emotional intelligence can impact organizational effectiveness. The organizational factors on the left hand side of the model, viz Leadership, HR functions and organizational climate and culture influence emotional intelligence through its impact on relationship and each of these three factors influence the other two. For instance, Emotional Intelligence of organizational leadership influences the organizations climate and thereby impacts organizational effectiveness. Different HR functions like recruitment, selection, training, succession planning etc will impact organizational leadership, thereby affecting the organizational effectiveness. Leadership in turn can influence the HR functions thereby deciding the extent to which employees can improve their Emotional Intelligence by deciding the extent of Em otional Intelligence training. This explains the interconnectivity of organizational factors, individual and team Emotional Intelligence and ultimately, organizational effectiveness. By correct and timely deployment of resources, organizational effectiveness can be improved to a great extent. A model of Emotional Intelligence and Organisational Effectiveness (Cary Cherniss and Daniel Goleman2001) Leadership HR Functions Organizational Climate and Culture Relationships Organizational Effective Individual Emotional Intelligence Group Emotional Intelligence Research objective: To understand the direction of research in the field of Emotional Intelligence so as to identify a research gap. To propose a conceptual model for predicting career success using Emotional Intelligence score. Literature Review: The study of emotion in the workplace has evolved from two different perspectives: the sociological perspective through emotion management and the psychological perspective through emotional intelligence (Weinberger, 2002). Emotional Intelligence is relatively a new concept and hence the body of research in the field of Emotional Intelligence is not very large. Empirical studies in this field are not even two decades old, (Salovy, 2007), though it has attracted the attention of psychologists, educators, HR professional and corporate trainers. An overwhelming claim by many researchers that Emotional Intelligence has practical application in the work place makes the study of Emotional Intelligence mandatory to be empirically verified. To understand this intriguing field of research, secondary literature review is done to get a direction for future empirical research. For easy comprehension, secondary literature review for the current research is presented under separate but interconnec ted concepts. EI Alexithymia Alexithymia is a communication disorder where in the individual is not able to feel and express an emotion. Significance of alexithymia stems from the fact that an individual who fails to understand and experience an emotion also fails to reason out his work behaviour . Work situations demand correct expression of emotions , for instance ,appreciation for outstanding work done by a junior employee. If an individual fails to express emotions at the right context, it can create a dent in his career progress. Researches reveal that EI is inversely correlated to Alexithymia. Low values of Emotional Intelligence may be used to predict Alexithymia. Moira Mikolajczak, et al(2006) conducted a study in which Alexithymia was measured using French version of Toronto Alexithymia scale.(TAS-20, Bagby et al 1994), which has 20 items on 5 point rating scale, that covers core dimensions of the construct like difficulty in identifying the feeling, difficulty in describing the feeling, and externally oriented thinking. Alexithymia was found to be inversely correlated ( r = -0.55)to Trait EI measured using TEIQue. b) In a study conducted by Elizabeth J (2005) in Canadian (N=500) and Scottish (N=204) groups on EI, Alexithymia, personality and life satisfaction, EI was found to be negatively associated with Alexithymia c) Donald H. et al (2003) conducted a study wherein a short self-report emotional intelligence (EI) measure was completed by a sample of 354 students and relationship between EI and alexithymia was investigated using structural equation modeling and factor analysis. The results indicated that the two constructs are strongly negatively correlated. Alexithymia impedes the growth of career of an employee and higher EI score is inversely proportional to alexithymia. Hence further study on this topic has high relevance. EI Leadership styles It is a leaders duty to foster a positively charged work place so that the employees are motivated to perform better. There is an increased emphasis on transformational leadership style in organizations. Companies that hire and promote people to leadership positions may find the positive relationship between transformational leadership style and emotional intelligence useful. A study conducted by P.D. Harms et al (2010) to understand the relationship between emotional intelligence and transformational and other leadership behaviors, (N= 62) showed a validity estimate of .59 when ratings of both emotional intelligence and leadership behaviors were provided by the same source (self, subordinates, peers, or superiors). Trait emotional intelligence measures showed higher validities than ability EI measures Study conducted by Lisa Ann Weinberger (2009) on the relationships between emotional intelligence and leadership style, (N=151) using MSCEIT, an ability-measuring instrument of emotional intelligence, the results showed that there are no relationships between a managers emotional intelligence and leadership style or the leaders perceived effectiveness According to Deeter-Schmelz, Goebel, and Norman (2008), high emotional intelligence can transform a good sales manager into an exceptional leader. In a study conducted by Singh S. K (2007) on EI and leadership style among software professionals in Indian context, (N=340), showed a positive correlation between EI and leadership styles. Study also showed that EI can predict leadership effectiveness. In a study conducted by Byrne et al (2004) using a set of self-assessment instruments including the Emotional Competency Inventory, the NEO-FFI and a demographic questionnaire, ( N=325) ,results showed that the ECI was predictive of leadership and related work behavior Dulewicz Higgs, 2003 conducted a study on leaders and arrived at a conclusion that EI levels are higher among workplace leaders, and increase as leadership levels rise in an organization In a study conducted by Julian Barling, et al (2000) on emotional intelligence (EQ) and transformational leadership (N= 49 managers, N=187 subordinates, multivariate analyses of covariance showed that three aspects of transformational leadership differed according to level of emotional intelligence. Dulewicz and Higgs (2000) posit that leaders who have a good mix of IQ and emotional intelligence tend to be more successful than those who do not. According to Daniel Goleman (2004) Most effective leaders are alike in one crucial way: They all have a high degree of what has come to be known as emotional intelligence. Its not that IQ and technical skills are irrelevantà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦But my research, along with other recent studies, clearly shows that emotional intelligence is the sine qua non of leadership Transformational leadership style is deemed superior to transactional styles. Positive correlation of transactional style of leadership style with EI is an important finding that can have larger organisational repercussion. EI self regulation Stress coping Self regulation is a very essential virtue an employee must possess for harmonious functioning in the work place. Self regulation helps in clarity in decision making during crisis situation. A high EI individual handles stress in the most productive way, without reaching the level of burn out. The word stress has received a lot of attention due to the negative connotation attached to the word. A meta-analysis of research (Mikolajczak Gross, 2008) concluded that high trait EI individuals regulate their emotions in a flexible manner trait EI is positively linked to functional coping strategies like problem-solving, social support seeking, and reappraising and negatively linked to dysfunctional strategies like inhibition of emotional expression and substance abuse. A study was conducted by Samuel et al (2010) using Trait Emotional Intelligence Scale by Law, Wong, and Song (2004) known as Wong and Law EI scale (WLEIS)(N= 420 ) on secondary school teachers . The results from this study showed that occupational stress was negatively related to psychological well-being, which is a trait EI facet A study conducted by Moira Mikolajczak, et al(2006) on a sample of 80 respondents using TEIQue- SF to measure Emotional Intelligence , it was found that high EI people handle stress better than their low EI peers, thus experiencing low chronic and residual EI. A study conducted by Veneta A. Bastian,Nicholas R. Burns and Ted Nettelbeck (2005) on first-year tertiary students (N=246) concluded that higher EI correlated with higher life satisfaction, better perceived problem-solving and coping ability and lower anxiety. AK Pau and R Croucher (2003) investigated the relationship between emotional intelligence (EI) and perceived stress (PS) in dental undergraduates. (N=213) The mean score for EI was 117.54 (S.D. 14.90) and PS was 17.73 (S.D. 6.49). Correlational analysis showed an inverse relationship between EI and PS. Individual stress has got organizational consequence too in terms of absenteeism, tardiness and turn over. This essentially brings in to the forefront, the relevance of research in this topic EI Gender difference There have been many recent studies on gender difference of Emotional Intelligence. Application of the results of such researches will help in work place especially considering that more and more women employees join work pool. It is important to study gender differences with this proposed study because organizations are seeing demographic changes with an increase of women taking on significant career roles (Offermann Gowing, 1993) A study conducted by Leslie A. Burton (2007) in a sample of 134( 93 female ,41 male) university students using Bar-On EQi for measuring Emotional Intelligence showed women scoring higher in Bar-On Interpersonal overall factor scores, including higher scores for the components like Empathy, Social responsibility etc. In a study conducted by Saima et al ( 2007) , in Pakistan using Self Report Emotional Intelligence Scale (SREIT) developed by Schutte, Malouff, Hall, Haggerty,Cooper, and Golden (1998), no gender difference was found in EI of 100 employees( 55 males and 45 females) of a cellular telecom organization of Lahore, Pakistan . In the doctoral thesis Jesse W. Davis (2006) it was found that the female respondent group (M = 67.1) outperformed the male respondent group (M = 60.1) in mean emotional intelligence rating although the noted differences were not statistically significant. A study conducted by Natalio et al( 2006) examined the reliability of the Spanish version of the MSCEIT, with a sample of 946 college and high school students (426 males, 520 females) ranging from 16 to 58 years and it was found that higher scores are obtained by women on overall scale and branches scores than scores obtained by men. In a study conducted by S.Katyal (2005) ,among 150 adolescents (75 boys and 75 girls) studying in Xth standard in 3 randomly selected government high schools in Chandigarh, India using Emotional Intelligence test by Codaty(2001), found girls having more emotional Intelligence than boys. A study of 224 ( 82 men and 138 women and 4 who did not report their gender ) by K.V . Petrides , et al ( 2004) on post graduate and undergraduate students at two British universities found no gender difference in total EI scores except in Emotional Awareness which was significantly high in women. A study conducted Mandell and Pherwani ( 2003) ,among 32 managers (13 males 19 females) using EQ-i (Bar-On) in a varied sample of organizations in northeastern section of the United States found a significant difference (p .05) in the emotional intelligence scores of male and female managers. Theâ‚ ¬Ã‚   mean total of emotional intelligence scores of females was higher than that for males. In a study conducted by James Poon Teng Fatt, (2002) using the Emotional IQ Test (N=100) on undergraduates from various fields of studies from the National University of Singapore and Nanyang Technological University, it was found that males have higher EI scores than females. In a study conducted by Kathleen Cavallo, (2001) on three hundred and fifty eight Managers (55 % male and 45 % females) across the Johnson Johnson Consumer Personal Care Group (JJCPC Group ) using Emotional Competence Inventory (ECI),some gender difference was found, with Supervisors rating females higher in Adaptability and Service Orientation, while Peers rated females higher on Emotional Self-Awareness, Conscientiousness, Developing Others, Service Orientation, and Communication. Direct reports scored males higher in Change Catalyst In a study conducted by Joseph Ciarrochi, et al (2001) 131 students (aged 13 to 15) completed a self-report measure of emotional intelligence (SEI), and it was found that EI was reliably measured in adolescents and was higher for females than males. Study conducted by Ciarrochi, Chan, and Caputi (2000) found that women performed higher than men on the overall intelligence score of the MEIS with undergraduate psychology students. In a study by Mayer, Caruso, and Salovey (1999), it was found through the Multifactor Emotional Intelligence Scale (MEIS) that women put more effort into their emotions and are more sensitive when expressing emotion. A study conducted by Porter and Stone (1995) reveals that women are better at coping with problems and have more potential to develop their emotions. A study conducted by Trobst, Collins, Embree (1994) found that women tend to be more supportive and possess more empathy than men. It is important to study gender differences with this proposed study because organizations are seeing demographic changes with an increase of women taking on significant career roles (Offermann Gowing, 1993). Moreover, gender studies also has implications specially now when the thrust is on diversity management. Empirical findings of the study can help while HR policies are formulated by companies. EI and career success In a study by Cavallo Brienza (2004) of the Johnson Johnson Consumer Personal Care Group (N=1400) in thirty seven countries, it was found that emotional competencies differentiate successful leaders and that emotional intelligence, as one of a broad spectrum of skills which managers have in varying levels. Len Tischler et al (2002) examined the RELATION OF emotional intelligence, spirituality and work place performance and studies displayed a positive relationship between emotional intelligence and work place success. A study conducted at a large, international organization by Collins et al (2001), using a personality-based measure of EI and an ability-based measure of EI,(N= 91), it was found that EI may not directly play a significant role in the success of the executive participants . Bachmann, et al (2000)conducted two studies which compared more and less successful account officers (debt collectors) in terms of their emotional intelligence, measured using the BarOn Emotional Quotient Inventory. The findings support the view that higher levels of emotional intelligence lead to enhanced job performance. As quoted by Exley (2000), in a study on a group of 100 British managers participating in HMC courses, Henley Management College (HMC) researchers, Dulewicz and Higgs,were able to show a strong correlation between rapid career progression and a combination of emotional intelligence and high IQ . McClelland conducted an analysis (1998) of the competencies that distinguish star performers from average ones. He found a tipping point effect when people exhibited excellence in six or more competencies. McClelland (1998) argues that a critical mass of competencies above the tipping point distinguishes exemplary from average performers. The typical pattern shows that the highest performers are above the tipping point on at least six EI competencies and demonstrate strengths in at least one competency from each of the four clusters. In a research done by Snarey and Vaillant, (1985) it is found that in determining the success, IQ had little relation to workplace and personal success. More important was the ability to handle frustration, control emotions and get along with others. Among the secondary review topics selected by the researcher, the most interesting area is the contribution of EI to career success. There are diverse view points on the relevance of EI for career success. Some inflated claims of EI contributing to 80 percent of career success needs empirical testing and verification. Identification of Research gap Most of the researches in the field of Emotional Intelligence is conducted post 1995, thanks to the popularization of the concept by Daniel Goleman. This makes the literature review partially limited to past 15years. More over , researches in the field of Emotional Intelligence is still picking up momentum . Existing researches contributes to very small percentage of body of research in EI. The topics considered for literature review for this research was in the context of the current objective of this research. As evident from the literature review, most of the researches, barring a few are conducted outside India . There are contradicting research findings by researchers in the topics showing relation of Emotional Intelligence with Leadership style, Gender, Alexithymia , Stress coping and Career success. Interestingly no published research is available in India in the field of Emotional Intelligence and career success as a comparative study for knowledge based industries of India . With increased emphasis on service industry in India, the research gap is identified for finding out whether Emotional Intelligence really contributes to career success of knowledge based employees . The findings of this study will be an original contribution to the field of research in Emotional Intelligence for industries like IT, BPOs, KPO s, Academics . Research framework An analytical study is proposed to identify the correlation of Emotional Intelligence and career success of employees of knowledge based industry. Since information Technology industry in India is growing at a fast pace , with one of the Indian cities, Bangalore proclaimed as Silicon valley of India , target population can be identified as IT companies of Bangalore. Stratified sampling technique is proposed to divide the companies in to strata of small , medium and large sized companies based on the number of employees. Simple random sampling technique is proposed to select the company from each strata . Data need to be tested for normality and in case found to be non normal, outliers are to be removed and data need to be brought to normal distribution using log method. Standardised tool with reasonably good chronbach alpha value of reliability is to be chosen for measuring Emotional Intelligence and career success of employees. An executive interview is also proposed to be conducte d among top management to understand the awareness and utilization of EI in various functional areas in HR department of the company. Pilot study is to be conducted to know the direction of research as well as to make corrections in the questionnaire based on the feedback of the respondents. Hypothesis testing is to be done to empirically prove the relationship EI and career success. Some of the proposed hypotheses for the study could be: Ho1 : Demographic variables have no impact on Emotional Intelligence of an employee. Ho2 : Emotional Intelligence can not predict career success of employees. Statistical tools like correlation, simple regression, multiple regression using dummy variable , Chi square test, ANOVA , Factor analysis etc can be used for testing the hypotheses . Regression model is to be made that shows the predictive ability of emotional intelligence and career success. Conclusion : Emotional Intelligence is an emerging field of study. Relatively less research has been done in this field in India. Emotional intelligence is yet to capture the attention of HRD practitioners as tool for managerial development. Since it is evident from the secondary literature review that emotional intelligence can impact career success positively, efforts should be made to popularize and practice the concepts of emotional intelligence. Limitations of the study: The study is has some delimiting points . Since this is a concept of recent origin there is lack of previous research in this area. Another issue a researcher will face in this field is difficulty in choosing a EI model for study as there are multiple models and definitions of Emotional Intelligence. More over, there is no consensus over a single model which could be universally applied. Lack of awareness of the impotrance of EI among the respondents is another challenge that the researcher will have to face. Possibility of the response distortion due to Hawthorne effect (respondents giving more favourable responses because of the attention given by researcher) can not be ignored.Another delimiting factor is the inherent problem connected to self report devices used to measure Emotional Intelligence. Any of the self report measures used for gauging Emotional Intelligence is not free from Pygmalion effect or self fulfilling prophecy wherein the respondent gives most ideal responses irrespective of the true response. Scope for future research: Emotional Intelligence competencies that differentiate the most successful employees from their typical peers need further study.Since economy has opened up for IT and academics , percentage of expatriates functioning out of India have seen an increase. A future study of EI of expatriates can help the management in choosing the right candidate for successful expatriation. Another improvement on this study can be made by using an intervention program for an experimental group by training employees on EI and measuring their improved career performance.

Synthesis of a Potential Enzyme Inhibitor

Synthesis of a Potential Enzyme Inhibitor Delaram Salehifard Aim Synthesis and characterisation of Benzocaine. Introduction The Fischer esterification of 4-amino benzoic acid is catalysed by an acid is fully reversible. Method: 3g of 4-aminobenzoic acid was weighed out and placed into a dry 100cm3 round bottom flask (ensuring no residues are left inside the joint). 20 cm3 of methylated spirits was measured out and added to the 4-aminobenzoic acid in the round bottom flask. 3 cm3 of concentrated Sulfuric acid was measured out and added to the round bottom flask mixture (ensuring no residues are left on the joint), a condenser was fit onto the round bottom flask and the mixture was gently swirled. Using a heating mantle, the mixture was heated and upon boiling; refluxed for 30 minutes. At the end of reflux, the heat source was removed and the mixture was allowed to cool to room temperature. Upon cooling, the mixture was gently stirred using a glass stirring rod and Sodium hydroxide solution (20%) was slowly added to the mixture until a neutral pH was attained. The mixture was allowed to stand for 5 minutes before the contents were poured into a beaker containing approximately 70 cm3 of ice, the reaction vessels was rinsed with distilled water and the washings were transferred into the beaker to reach an approximate volume of 150cm3. The product was filtered using a Buchner funnel (washed with some cold water) ensuring that the moisture is completely sucked out. The product was then transferred onto a watch glass and dried in an oven at a temperature no greater than 60oC. The dry mass was then noted and the product submitted for analysis. Steps1-10 were repeated using Isopropyl alcohol instead of Methylated spirits and the melting point for the product was attained. Mechanism of action Step one portrays the protonation of the carbonyl oxygen on 4-aminobenzoic acid where the Sulphuric acid acts as the H+ donor (the regeneration of this proton would establish the Sulphuric acid as a catalyst). This proton transfer results in a delocalisation of positive charge which gives rise to the presence of the three resonance structures portrayed in â€Å"step 1- resonance†. Of these three structures, the middle structure (where the positive charge is localised onto the carbon atom) allows for the esterification to proceed as its partial positive charge allows Nucleophilic attack by the Oxygen atom on Methanol; as seen in step two. Following this nucleophilic attack, a protonation and de-protonation occurs (which has a net effect of proton transfer) thus leading to the formation of a water molecule on the carbon atom which cleaves off in the hydrolysis in step 3. This hydrolysis results in a delocalisation of positive charge which gives rise to the presence of the three resonance structures portrayed in â€Å"step 4- resonance†. Of these structures, the middle structure where the positive charge is localised onto the carbon atom allows for a de-protonation to occur as the Hydrogen atom donates its electrons to the positive carbon thus neutralising the carbon and forming a double bond. This de-protonation also results in the regeneration of the Sulphuric acid proton which protonated the reactant in step 1 thus establishing Results Week one percentage yield: Mass of reactant: 3g Mass of product obtained: 2.38g RMM reactant: 137 RMM product: 165 Reactant/product moles: 0.022 Theoretical yield= 3.62g % Yield = (Actual yield / theoretical yield) * 100 = 65.75% Week two percentage yield: Mass of reactant: 3g Mass of product obtained: 2.79g RMM reactant: 137 RMM product: 179 Reactant/product moles: 0.022 Theoretical yield= 3.92 % Yield = (Actual yield / theoretical yield) * 100 = 71.18% Melting point: Experimental product 1MP: 85.9-88.4oC Literature product 1MP: 88-90oC Experimental product 2 MP: 83.5-84.1oC Literature product 2 MP: 84oC H NMR 4-amino benzoic acid Benzocaine 13CNMR 4-amino benzoic acid Benzocaine DEPT-135 4-amino benzoic acid Benzocaine Analysis The melting points for both products were average reading from three attempts and are reasonably within the literature range. This can be attributed to accurate measurements, clean utensils (thus avoiding impurities) and sufficient drying. At roughly 66% and 71% the percentage yields for products one and two respectively are reasonably low. This may be due to a number of problems such as, incomplete transfer of reactant into the reaction vessel, not transferring all of the reaction vessel washings for filtering, incorrect filtering technique where some product was allowed to pass through instead of being retained e.g. filtering too fast or incomplete transfer of the product from the filter paper after filtration. With reference to the HNMR tables, I have deduced corresponding H atom based on integration, splitting and chemical shift. The chemical shift of an atom depends on the extent of shielding it has, for example a H atom attached to an Oxygen (e.g. H atom number 6 on 4-amino benzoic acid) has less shielding due to the Oxygen atoms’ electronegativity whereas a H atom attached to a C atom has more shielding as carbon is not electronegative and in the case of H atoms number 2 and 3, they are also surrounded by other atoms which give them some shielding. I found locating H atoms 2 and 3 particularly tricky as their quintet splitting pattern and integration of 3 where very misleading however their chemical shift reaffirmed their identity as it is relatively to the left thus indicating a fair amount of shielding. With reference to the 13CNMR tables I was able to deduce the corresponding Carbon atoms based on two properties, chemical shift and peak height. The chemical shift (in accordance to the level of shielding/position of the C atoms) allowed me to locate peaks for carbonyl carbons (Carbon number 7 in both reactant and product) and more shielded carbon aand the height/integration of the peaks which corresponds to the number hydrogen atoms attached to the C atom in question. With reference to the DEPT-135 tables I was able to distinguish the difference between the C atoms in accordance with the different number of H attached to each C atom. This technique portrays CH and CH3 atoms as positively phased and CH2 atoms negatively phased. For atoms with the same phasing, I used the chemical shift ( as with 13 CNMR ) to distinguish between the C atoms in question. In this esterification, the product was maintained in a pH of 7-8. This was done in order to prevent a nucleophilic attack from hydroxide ions which would hydrolyse the product which and reverse the esterification thus converting the product back into the reactant. Rf values can be used to deduce the polarity of a molecule, where a low Rf value can indicate a polar molecule. This is based on how the molecule interacts with the mobile and stationary phases. For example; a low Rf value is a result of the molecule interacting with the polar stationary phase/silica and not travelling very far up the plate allowing us to deduce that its polar. Based on this theory and the fact that polarity increases with RMM; a larger molecule would be more polar and thus have a lower Rf. I would therefore predict that Isopropyl 4-Aminobenzoate would have a lower Rf value than Benzocaine due to its larger RMM making it more polar than Benzocaine. References UNCP. (2014). CNMR spectroscopy. Available: http://www2.uncp.edu/home/mcclurem/courses/chm550/nmr_lec4.pdf. Last accessed 06/03/2014.Chemspider. (2014).4-Aminobenzoic acid.Available: http://www.chemspider.com/953. Last accessed 06/03/2014. Chemspider. (2014).benzocaine.Available: http://www.chemspider.com/Chemical-Structure.13854242.html?rid=752b9fda-5ccb-49f3-bf93-47ceb79356b4. Last accessed 06/03/2014. Jim Clark. (2002).THE MECHANISM FOR THE ACID CATALYSED HYDROLYSIS OF ESTERS.Available: http://www.chemguide.co.uk/physical/catalysis/hydrolyse.html#top. Last accessed 06/03/2014. Chemspider. (2014).4 aminobenzoic acid.Available: http://www.chemspider.com/953. Last accessed 06/03/2014. Chemspider. (2014).Isopropyl 4-Aminobenzoate.Available: http://www.chemspider.com/Chemical-Structure.78903.html. Last accessed 07/03/2014.

The Ethics of Stem Cell Research Essay example -- Genetic Engineering

According to the National Institutes of Health (NIH), stem cells are 1 "Cells with the ability to divide for indefinite periods in culture and to give rise to specialized cells." Stem cells are basically unspecialized cells that can, with proper physiologic or experimental conditions, become specialized cells. Specialized cells are usually called differentiated cells. These differentiated cells can then be used to repair damaged cells and eventually cure many diseases and disorders in humans. This could revolutionize the way society treats health issues. Instead of trying to destroy and sure a disease or disorder, doctors could simply grow new cells that would be able to repair or replace the damaged cells and tissue. Adult Stem Cells There are two major types of stem cells, embryonic and adult stem cells. Adult stem cells are the undifferentiated cells that are found in tissue and organs in adults. These cells are usually found mixed in with differentiated cells. These cells are used to repair and maintain the tissue in which they are found. Research of adult stem cells began in the 1960?s when scientists discovered them in bone marrow. Stem cells from bone marrow have been used in transplants for the past 30 years. Currently, scientists are unsure as to how adult stem cells develop. A major advantage to using adult stem cells is that each patient?s stem cells can be extracted, grown, and then reinserted into their body. This would ensure that the immune system would not reject the new cells. One of the problems with adult stem cells is that there are a very few number of stem cells in a sample of tissue. Another problem is that scientists are unsure about the flexibility of adult stem cells. Since they are found only i... ...ws-item94.htm >. Stem Cell Basics. 2002. National Institutes of Health (NIH). 16 Nov. 2003. ?Stem Cell Debate Revives an Old Ideological Battle,? New York Times [NY] 6 Jul. 2001. first ed.: A17 ?Stem Cell Research; Global Differences: As the U.S. Hesitates, Other Countries Move Ahead With Studies on Embryos,? San Jose Mercury News [CA] 7 May 2002, morning final: 1E. ?Tangled Issues In Congress: Cloning and Stem Cell Study,? New York Times [NY] 31 Jul 2001, first ed.: A17 ?Use of Cloning to Tailor Treatment Has Big Hurdles, Including Cost,? New York Times [NY] 18 Dec. 2001 first ed.: F2 What Are Stem Cells and What are They Used For? 2002. How Stuff Works. 15 Nov. 2003. . P1.http://www4.od.nih.gov/stemcell/figure1_primer0902big.jpg

Cognitive Psychology Essay -- Papers Neurology Essays

Cognitive Psychology Psychology is defined as the study of mind, emotion and behaviour. One major perspective within psychology is known as cognitive psychology, which is primarily concerned with the explanation of thought processes through the development of theoretical mental systems. Cognitivism is somewhat broad in it’s approaches to psychology and only linked in it’s goal to create hypothetical mental structures to explain behaviour (â€Å"History & Scope Of Psychology†). The exact origins of cognitivism are difficult to pinpoint. Ideas that make up the perspective have been traced back to ancient Greece; however it is in modern times that it has developed to it’s prominent status of today. This period of time is referred to as the â€Å"cognitive revolution† of the 1960’s, lead by the work of those such as Piaget and Chomsky. Prior to this revolution, behaviourism (the study of cause and effect; environmental factors and their effect upon behaviour) was considered to be the dominant school of thought in psychology; however cognitivism soon emerged as the new dominant perspective. (â€Å"The History & Scope of Psychology†). It was in the 1967 publication of Cognitive Psychology by Neisser that a name was coined for the rising field of psychological science, and an outline of major research-to-date and significant concepts was offered. (Maclin & Solso, 2000) The goals of cognitivism are to attempt to understand the way in which the many processes of our minds work, through use of the scientific research method. It emphasises the importance of the mind in .. ...d adverse behaviour. Appleton Century Crofts: New York. Maclin, Otto H & Solso, Robert L. (2000) â€Å"Cognitive Psychology: History Of The Field† in Encyclopedia Of Psychology, Vol 2. American Psychological Association: New York. Neisser, U (1967) Cognitive Psychology. Appleton-Century-Crofts: New York. Piaget, J (1962) Play, Dreams & Imitation In Childhood. WW Norton: New York. Piaget, J (1970), Piaget's theory. In P. Mussen (ed) Handbook of child psychology, Vol.1. Wiley: New York. Ross, Suzanne L & Sharpe, Pete R. (1987) Living Psychology. Scribe Publications: Victoria Shannon, CE (1948) Mathematical Theory Of Communication in Bell System Tech. J. 27, 379-423, 623-656 Smith, E.E (2001) â€Å"Cognitive Psychology: History† in Encyclopedia of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Vol 3. Elsevier: Oxford

The First Inhabitants of America Essay -- American America History

The First Inhabitants of America The First "Europeans" reached the Western Hemisphere in the late 15th century. Upon arrival they encountered a rich and diverse culture that had already been inhabited for thousands of years. The Europeans were completely unprepared for the people they stumbled upon. They couldn't understand cultures that were so different and exotic from their own. The discovery of the existence of anything beyond their previous experience could threaten the stability of their entire religious and social structure. Seeing the Indians as savages they made them over in their own image as quickly as possible. In doing so they overlooked the roots that attached the Indians to their fascinating past. The importance of this past is often overlooked. Most text or history books begin the story of the Americas from the first European settlement and disregard the 30,000 years of separate, preceding cultural development (Deetz 7). The going theory of the First Americans is the ever-popular land bridge hypothesis, which connected Siberia and Alaska. This is believed to have happened at least twice during the ice ages between 32,000 and 36,000 years ago and, again between 13,000 and 28,000 years ago. This repeated connection took place where the eastern and western hemispheres come the closest to one another. The best illustration that I found explaining the land bridge was the analogy made to a seesaw. On one side being the glaciers and on the other side is sea level. When the glaciers get bigger or "go up" the sea level withdraws or "goes down". Basically when all the earth's water is in the form of snow or ice sea level is lowered. At least 180 feet lower to form that Siberian land connection. Direct proof of this... ... ago, but the way it happened is still uncharted territory". The specific date of the first migration into the Americas is unknown but there was likely more than one. The new discoveries and theories presented have given us a better understanding and more possibilities for the First American then ever before. Bibliography Begley, Sharon. "The First Americans." Newsweek Fall/Win. 1991: 15-20. Begley, Sharon and Andrew Murr. "The First Americans." Newsweek 26 Apr. 1999: 50. Claiborne, Robert. "The First Americans." New York: Time-Life Books, 1973. Dixon, E. James. Quest for the origins of the First Americans. University of New Mexico Press. 1993. Nichols, Johnanna. "The First Americans." Discover Jun. 1998: 24. Owsley, Douglas. "The First Americans." Economist 24 Feb. 1998: 79. Wright, Karen. "First Americans." Discover Feb. 1999: 52.

Children Need Talk In Order To Learn Education Essay

This survey will be based in MC primary school, a Leicester interior metropolis school. Most of the observations will come from the foundation phase 2 categories. This school is a really culturally diverse school, with huge differences in abilities amongst the kids. Most of the kids come to this school with virtually no English or really small ( EAL ) . The ground behind me carry oning this survey is to see how important talk for acquisition is, if it is something which is important for a kids and instructors or is it something fiddling which has really small importance. It is of import for me to first explicate what is meant by talk for acquisition. Talk is seen to be important for larning non merely for kids but for instructors besides. This assignment will be looking at if talk is important to kids ‘s apprehension of the universe and important for instructors to understand kids. I will look at what many theoreticians have to state and look at surveies which either support talk for acquisition or rebut the thought of talk for acquisition. First I will look at what a few theoreticians have to state about talk for acquisition and so look at how oppugning can assist instructors advance talk to derive apprehension of kids before summing everything together. Piaget was one of the first theoreticians who felt that the thought that intelligence derives from the coordination of action in the kid ‘s environment. He believed that kids ‘s active building of their ain apprehension is cardinal to their cognitive development. He opposed the impression of transmition of cognition from instructor to pupil as a theoretical account of cognitive development. He believed that interaction between kids is a really strong beginning of advancement, but non cardinal to his chief organic structure of work. Piaget besides thought that when kids are faced with jobs they will normally repair on the first relevant factor they identify but Piaget said in order for them to come on they need exposure to many different positions. However, these positions are merely helpful when from the same position so equals. Adults position will merely impede them as this does non assist their thought and development as they will either disregard their positions if th ey can or merely merely follow with what they have said. A survey which supports the thought of kids ‘s thought and development being increased by other positions of kids come from Doise, Murphy and Perret Clermont. They conducted a survey to see if socio-cognitive struggle would advance persons advancement and apprehension. In this survey the cardinal inquiry was whether kids who were given the chance to work on a undertaking together would do greater single advancement than those who were non given such an chance. Children were put in to two groups the controlled group were they did the undertaking separately and the experimental group where they were put into braces to finish the undertaking. Each kid had a mopboard which had theoretical account edifices which formed a small small town. The edifices were orientated in relation to a fixed grade on the mopboard. This agreement was placed in forepart of the kid on a tabletop. To the side of the kid was another tabular array, w ith an indistinguishable mopboard, but orientated otherwise in relation to the kid. The undertaking was to utilize a reproduction set of theoretical account edifices to animate precisely the same small town on this 2nd tabular array. Findingss showed that the kids in the experimental group showed the most betterment in apprehension, ground being is the kids who worked in braces or little groups would normally be confronted with solutions which differed from their ain. This struggle, and the socially engendered demand to decide it, would motivate each kid to re analyze their ain initial thoughts, and could take the kids to recognize a higher order solution that resolved the struggle ( Mugney et al. , 1981 as cited in GREEN ) . They found that it did n't count if any of the kids were non advanced than others or the demand to be right. Equally long as there is a struggle of position is adequate to acquire kids believing. However there are some unfavorable judgments for this survey. One can oppugn the cardinal function of struggle being an issue. Blaye ( 1988 as cited from GREEN ) criticised the construct to be obscure and sick defined, missing ecological cogency as it would be difficult to transport out outside the research scenes. Tudge ( 1989 as cited from GREEN ) besides had grounds to propose that in certain fortunes peer interaction can ensue in arrested development every bit good as development. Unlike Piaget, Vygotsky ( 1978 as cited from GREEN ) conceptualised societal interaction as being at the nucleus of the development procedure. Contrasting to Piaget, Vygotsky ( 1978 as cited from GREEN ) believed that societal activity concepts cognition and understanding particularly when kids interact with others who are more advanced and capable in society. Therefore rebuting Piaget ‘s thought that when kids interact with those of more power and have a higher position, hinders kids ‘s apprehension and thought. Vygotsky saw linguistic communication as non merely a cultural tool for sharing and developing but besides a psychological tool to assist organize our single ideas ( LIGHT BLUE ) . Vygotsky developed the construct of the zone of proximal development ( ZPD ) which is ‘the distance between the existent development degree as determined by independent job resolution and the degree of possible development as determined through job work outing under grownup counsel or in coaction with more capable equals ‘ ( Vygotsky 1978: 86 as cited in LIGHT BLUE ) . ZPD represents the difference in accomplishment when working independently and working with counsel from grownups who are more advanced and capable. Both Vygotsky and Piaget believe that acquisition is active and both confirm the value of societal interaction for larning and development regardless of who it may be between as both will affect duologue. One construct that complements Vygotsky ‘s theory of ZPD is Bruner ‘s ( 1985 ) impression of scaffolding. Scaffolding is the ‘support that grownups provide in the acquisition procedure†¦ whereby an grownup varies the degree of support, bit by bit retreating it as the kid additions in competence ‘ ( cited from LIGHT BLUE ) . Both Bruner ‘s and Vygotsky ‘s cardinal schemes are patterning, demoing kids illustrations of work by experts. , showing, demoing the processs that experts go through when bring forthing work and back uping kids as they learn ( Cobden 2000: 10 ) . Research ( Galton et al. 1999 as cited from LIGHT BLUE ) shows that instructors tend to inquire largely closed inquiries which normally promote a simple consecutive reply. The reply being the one the instructor has already got in their caputs. Therefore, kids are non researching their ain apprehension and positions. Alternatively they ‘re merely supplying replies that the instructor is looking for ensuing into a ‘guess what I am believing of ‘ type inquiry. I carried out my directed undertaking on merely 2 of the kids from one of the foundation phase 2 categories, Annie and Zunaid. Both kids were of mean ability. I chose to carry on my surveies on merely two kids as it would be easier to detect and supervise while entering my findings at the same clip. The session I planned for Annie and Zunaid was a maths session. I devised a lesson program with the lesson nonsubjective being kids able to utilize two different groups to do a entire figure given ( see†¦ ) . I used 2 groups of small wooden forms trigons and diamonds. Before I asked the kids to give me a sum of a certain figure utilizing both forms, I demonstrated what I wanted the kids to make and do certain I was believing out loud so they can see what I was making and why. So I made certain both groups were separated and I asked the kids ‘hmmm what figure should I do utilizing these forms? ‘ and I was given 6. So I started with one group and counted out loud while util izing one to one correspondence, I made certain I moved each form towards me and said ‘1, 2, 3, 4, ‘ and so moved to the following group and counted on making the same thing, ‘5, 6 ‘ . I made certain I emphasised the last figure once more and said out loud, ‘I made 6. I used 4 trigons and 2 diamonds and all together they make 6 ‘ . I made certain I spoke clearly and easy in order for the kids to see what I was making and made certain I modelled twice before I let them go on. When the kids were given a figure to do, I observed and found they were either numbering really softly or in their caputs so I asked if they could number out loud for me, which they so did. I found I had to utilize a few prompts at the beginning to remind them to speak about how they made the entire figure. ‘what figure have you made, how many trigons did you usage and how many diamonds, and that made? ‘ these prompts were used in order for me to see if the kids kn ew what they were making and if they made the figure right. It gave the kids room to rectify any errors as they would usually tell when prompted and I found when they counted out loud and they had 1 more than the figure they were given they would merely take it off and say the right sum or add on another form. I recorded data/observations on gluey notes ( see†¦ ) in brief which I so wrote out on the kid observation sheets in item ( see.. ) . If you have a expression at appendices lesson rating 6/11/09 and 13/11/09 you will besides happen that In these lesson ratings talk and inquiring helped the kids to understand what I was making which hence resulted in them being able to make the undertakings. I have besides stated that inquiring more inquiries and speaking about what I am making or hold done helps kids ‘s apprehension and helps me understand how they have carried undertakings out. The ground why I chose to ease talk during a maths session is because I found during most maths session both focus kids were really quiet and frequently made errors such as numbering excessively fast while utilizing one to one correspondence, loath to number at all or out loud. I thought acquiring the kids to speak more about what they were making and how they were making it would assist them with maths jobs. That is why I decided to concentrate on maths. After looking at theoreticians thoughts and position on talk for acquisition and looking at instructors oppugning schemes it is apparent ( lesson rating 6/11/09 ) that patterning and speaking about how I how I made a figure and inquiring inquiries helped, even though this might hold helped and worked efficaciously I besides stated that I need to inquire more inquiries and still pattern more. This is besides the instance in my followers ( 13/11/09 lesson rating ) session, were I stated talk and modeling to be effectual in back uping the kids ‘s acquisition. this can be related to Vygotsky ‘s and Bruner ‘s schemes patterning, showing and back uping. To advance talk in the category I was based in, I made certain I asked inquiries which helped me understand what the kids have done, how they have done it and why. This is apparent in the P.E. lesson program dated 16/11/09. I asked different types of inquiries during the session, inquiries which required callback of the old Sessionss, inquiries to happen out what they thought and their ain positions, inquiries which required them to give sentiments on others and why. All these different types of inquiries were asked so I could understand the kids better. Learn more approximately them as persons and besides see them develop new thoughts. Once one kid gave a response to the inquiry ‘how could we travel on this equipment? ‘ it normally stimulated others to give their thoughts including new thoughts. This was good as it promoted originative thought. Furthermore, as this was an unfastened inquiry the kids had the freedom to state what they wanted without the fright of giving a incorrect reply. Normally when kids are asked inquiries which require consecutive replies, I found that in some instances they would either be loath to reply, which could propose fright of being incorrect or they would merely take random conjectures. As the kids were really immature it was more of import to advance talk to measure and measure them as persons. Although unfastened inquiries were utile in acquiring a scope of different thoughts and replies, sometimes I needed to inquire inquiries which required a right reply, so a specific reply. This was the instance in certain maths Sessionss. During the maths directed undertakings I needed to happen out what the largest figure they could number up to right ( maths directed undertaking lesson program 11/11/09 ) and besides be able to number two different groups by numbering on ( maths directed undertaking 2 lesson program 19/11/09 ) . This was besides the instance in the cognition and apprehension of the universe Sessionss ( KUW lesson program 17/11/09 ) . Asking closed inquiries helped me understand if the kids understood or knew the reply. If an incorrect reply was given it would merely do me more cognizant of what the kid is fighting with and hence besides consequence in me reflecting on my ain pattern excessively see what I may be making incorrect or how I could assist the kid in inqui ry. Although closed inquiries may hold been asked sometimes in Sessionss ( KUW/CLL 9/11/09 ) it helps to speak about shared experiences to assist develop originative thoughts. This is apparent in one of the cognition and apprehension of the universe session were kids watched a picture on pyrotechnics and had to do their ain ( lesson rating KUW/CLL 10/11/09 ) . You can see in the observations ( Annie 10/11/09 ) , she was speaking about what she is making and depicting her pyrotechnic and besides related it to something that looked similar, this suggests that she can associate it to things which may be similar and familiar to her and besides helps me understand how she see ‘s pyrotechnics.